Suchergebnisse

International Planned Parenthood Federation

This article attempts to present ways of experiencing parenthood among 17 young adults who have become mothers/fathers. The study was carried out using the phenomenographic method, which sought to describe how the young parents gave meanings to the phenomenon of parenthood; what it meant for them to be a parent. Based on the approach designed by the creators of the phenomenographic research method, we made the epistemological assumption that there is no other world besides the one that an individual experiences. A family was recognised as a special place for learning and experiencing the world, which appears to young adults as a concept of parenthood in their consciousness. The detailed categories of description, revealing concepts of experiencing parenthood, proved to be discursive and strongly context-related. There was considerable ambivalence in the findings, indicating that parenthood fluctuates between polar interpretations of experience and significantly goes beyond an educational context of upbringing. The circumstances accompanying experiencing of parenthood are strongly connected with cultural messages conveyed to groups and individuals by various lifeworld agencies: our interviewees proved to be completely embedded in them. Our findings support the hypothesis that the problem of educational practice connected with experiencing parenthood places it in the world of contemporary culture, which is torn apart by ambiguity and chaos of changing offers, as well as complexity-saturated "reversible" culture, the contents of which are subject to constant reconstruction. This provides essential reasons for developing a theory of lifelong learning in the family.

Planned parenthood has become a 'population-centered' movement, as economic & social conditions cannot be improved in most societies without first controlling population growth. The movement is devoted to collective goals, although it upholds the right of the individual to make his own decisions. The rising pressure of human wants on limited resources & a greater struggle for these resources make a good case for population control. Theoretically, limiting family size can protect an 'achieved standard of living'. Only if responsibility for the young is shared within smaller units of living can a population policy become a reality; people must be visibly affected by fertility of others & live close enough to influence the behavior of others. Planned parenthood, which believes in allowing parents to plan their own lives or the lives of their children, realizes that fertility may be controlled only to the extent that the individuals themselves consider reasonable. It has been proposed that the idea of social change be ignored & to depend on 'fabricated notions', legal & administrative. Often social scientists use persuasion. The answer to difficulties in societies where groups of power are divided by race, religion, & other such factors, is to create new solidarities which are egalitarian in structure, & based on social function rather than characteristics that pass from parents to children. In the China experiment, where motivations originate within social groups, the Chinese have succeeded in changing the orientations of peasants. What can be learned from the Chinese experiment is that planned parenthood can find social acceptance only as a "rearguard action against poverty." R. Lent.

Machine generated contents note: 1 Introduction -- 2 Stresses and Issues in Parenthood -- 3 Adoption in the Family and Child Welfare Context -- 4 Issues in Adoptive Parenthood and Conceptual Framework -- 5 Methodology -- 6 Ethnographic Insights and Hypotheses for Testing -- 7 Profiles of Adoptive Parents, Adoptive Children and Birth -- Parents -- 8 Demographic Data of Respondent Adoptive Families -- 9 Traditional Adoption: Stresses and Patterns of Coping in -- Descriptive Statistics -- 10 Nontraditional Adoption: Stresses and Patterns of Coping in -- Descriptive Statistics -- 11 Hypotheses Testing and Scale Construction -- 12 Discussion and Recommendations -- v -- Bibliography -- Appendices -- Appendix 1 Semi-structured Interview Guide for the -- Ethnographic Study -- Appendix 2 Profile of Adoptive Parents -- Appendix 3 Profile of Adoptive Children and Birth -- Parents -- Appendix 4 Structured Questionnaire in English -- Appendix 5 Structured Questionnaire in Chinese

Gay parenting is a topic on which almost everyone has an opinion but almost nobody has any facts. Here at last is a book based on a thorough review of the literature, as well as interviews with a pioneering group of men who in the 1980s chose to become fathers outside the boundaries of a heterosexual union?through foster care, adoption, and other kinship relationships. This book reveals how very natural and possible gay parenthood can be. What factors influence this decision? How do the experiences of gay dads compare to those of heterosexual men? How effectively do professional se

Abstract
Surrogacy is a type of medically assisted reproduction (MAR), which is considered to be a relatively simple medical procedure. However, psychosocially, ethically and legally, it is extremely complicated. There has been a significant increase in interest in the procedure lately. This is largely due to the fact that it is now available to groups of applicants other than traditional heterosexual couples of reproductive age. Its purpose is to examine various approaches to determining what is legally acceptable as parenthood after surrogacy. Our conclusion is that the wishes and rights of the individual actors (intended parent(s), surrogate mother, future child, gamete donors and society as a whole) are incompatible and contradictory. None of the probable solutions suggested from different perspectives can ensure that the wishes and rights of all are fulfilled at the same time.

The article takes the perspective of parenthood as a complex transition process that young adults have to pass through and have to manage. Becoming and being a parent today is not a self-evident stage in the life course as it was for former generations, but involves the necessity and ability to develop and use networks and learn to find a balance between options and constraints. Starting from youth sociological theories about destandardized life courses in late modernity, the Dutch case is taken to illustrate new learning demands and desires of young parents, Dutch as well as non-Dutch. The 'combination problem' of work and care is different for Dutch and non-Dutch young parents. Political initiatives and new institutional facilities at the local level have developed, which are in-tended to activate the self-responsibility of young adults and parents. It is shown that the social welfare state of the Netherlands still provides fair living chances for the majority of young people and parents but that the tension between Dutch and non-Dutch groups is growing.

This project employs 2008 National Election Study (NES) data to explore whether parents are different than nonparents in terms of their political attitudes and candidate evaluations. We find that parenthood does have political consequences although often not in ways suggested by conventional wisdom. Rather than finding parents to be a conservative group, our results support the idea that raising children has liberalizing effects on the attitudes of women. Fatherhood shapes attitudes less than motherhood, but these fewer effects are in a conservative direction. We argue that the distinctive politics of mothers and fathers reflects the impact of parenting as a gendered socialization experience combined with the contrasting parenthood themes articulated by the Republican and Democratic parties. Finally, despite media coverage suggesting Sarah Palin's "Hockey Mom" image would attract parents, especially mothers, to her candidacy and the Republican ticket we find no support for this idea. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright holder.]