Suchergebnisse

18th European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry (EMEC). Poster (#22) http://emec18.eventos.chemistry.pt/ ; Wastewater management is nowadays one of the major concerns faced by the shale gas industry to improve its cost-effectiveness, while preserving the human health and environment. Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing operations usually demand excessive freshwater consumption and generate large wastewater volumes. The highly polluting nature of shale gas wastewater impels the application of energy-intensive pretreatment and desalination, to allow water reuse in hydraulic fracking processes, water recycling or safe discharge. This work aims to offer an overview of main challenges and perspectives of alternatives for water reuse and recycling in shale gas wastewater management. ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No. 640979.

This study was designed to investigate the recent movement and current stage of China's construction and demolition (C&D) waste recycling and reuse. Specifically, the research aimed to provide the big picture of recent C&D waste diversion practice in China, as well as to offer insights from Chinese field practitioners' perceptions towards benefits, challenges, and recommendations of C&D recycling and reuse. This research was conducted based on a review of existing practice and a holistic approach by collecting feedback of professionals from multiple disciplines through a questionnaire-based survey. Totally 77 valid responses were received from 592 questionnaires sent. Both quantitative data and qualitative information implied that China was still at the early stage of recycling C&D wastes. Lack of client demands was identified as one of the main difficulties in C&D waste diversion. The study revealed that engineers and consultants had a more positive perception on promoting industrial training in C&D waste recycling, while construction management professionals held more conservative opinion on it. It was also found that gaining experience in C&D waste recycling and reuse would offer professionals more positive perception on the quality of products containing recycled contents. It was further implied that although governmental supervision had a high impact on China's current C&D waste management practice, the economic viability should eventually dominate the C&D waste diversion.

Municipal solid waste is generated through the activities of every economic sector. In the 20th century, the usual methods of waste management were landfilling and incineration. European theory and practice in the past 20 years has recognised new concepts and approaches in Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM). Based on EU directives and national laws, many European countries have already established a Zero Waste concept, with the aim of shifting the current MSWM practices towards sustainable natural cycles, whereby almost all discarded materials become resources for others to use. The Zero Waste concept involves re-use, recycling, and waste reduction and its ultimate goal is the nullification of all waste produced in a specific area. Unfortunately, not all European countries have managed to achieve this goal yet. Most of them have reached the milestone of 40-60% waste recycling (according to the statistics of European Environmental Agency, while others are still in the initial stages). This chapter will describe the step-by-step implementation of innovative approaches to waste reduction, reuse, and recycling, using the case study of the municipality of New Belgrade in Serbia. The Serbian context is of particular interest, since almost none of the EU policies on waste reduction have been implemented. Therefore, the chapter will provide a model-approach to efficient MSWM in accordance with recent EU practices, directives, and laws. The model described is of interest to other municipalities that have not yet developed a strategy for sustainable waste management. ; Editors: Enrico Anguillari and Branka Dimitrijević

We constructed an empirical mass balance model of nutrient fluxes in the Ogeechee River estuary (Georgia, USA) from eight surveys of seasonal estuarine nutrient concentrations during 2015 and 2016. The model results indicated a net removal of dissolved phosphorus and a net production
of dissolved nitrogen (N) within the estuary over an annual cycle. During summer and autumn low flow periods, much of the dissolved N discharged to the ocean seems to be recycled into the estuary in the form of phytoplankton biomass. As a result, the outwelled N is not new nitrogen fueling
coastal production but is nitrogen trapped within a recycling loop across the ocean–estuarine boundary. Higher flows in the fall and winter lead to direct discharge of nutrients with minimal recycling. A balanced N budget for the Ogeechee River estuary requires that estuarine N-fixation
must exceed burial and denitrification losses within the estuary.

This study enriches sustainable solid waste management knowledge by establishing a valid hierarchical model and critiques the causal interrelationship between waste reuse and recycling attributes. The challenges and opportunities for sustainable waste reuse and recycling are emphasized, and direction is provided for practices. Many developing and emerging countries have been attempting to address solid waste management problems and serious restrictions on material reuse and recycling activities. However, it is not well developed, and reuse and recycling efforts have not yet been well implemented due to weak economic and political institution levels. This study aims to propose a sustainable solid waste management model and address opportunities and challenges for waste reuse and recycling in a developing country. A hybrid approach is adopted using a systematic data-driven analysis comprising content analyses, system uncertainty and complexity, the fuzzy Delphi method, interpretive structural modeling, and the fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory. The results show that 19 valid indicators are congregated into five aspects, in which circular resource management, societal requirements, and municipal sustainability are causative aspects with the capability to improve sustainable solid waste management as it regards waste reuse and recycling. The top prominent indicators helping to enhance practices are the circular economy, the informal sector, material flow analysis, policy restrictions, waste treatment technologies. The state-of-the-art literature is presented, and further opportunities and challenges are determined.

"GAO-06-47." ; "November 2005." ; Cover title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

This book presents hard facts, drawn from extensive research, to highlight our unsustainable consumption of the Earth's resources and the limitations of the UK's current management of waste and recycling.

Setting out a bleak picture of a world in which we are literally consuming our planet, the book explores the psychological, economic and capitalist drivers behind this behaviour. Controversially, the book examines the drawbacks of the current approach adopted by many local authorities on the kerbside collection of recyclable materials, as well as the UK governments' strategic approaches to household recycling, including the lack of UK- wide infrastructures for packaging reuse, and for product repair and recycling. It challenges the whole concept of waste, leading to a proposed new strategy for the management of household waste, including a simplified household collection system, the introduction of an incineration tax and the banning of all household waste exports. The author proposes reconceptualising waste as unwanted but valuable material and argues that the responsibility for facilitating reuse, repair and recycling, rests with manufacturers who must start designing with the end in mind.

Given the current economic climate, and a dampening of the green agenda within UK politics, the book provides a much- needed call for critical discourse on how, and how much, we consume and sets out clear, practical solutions for change. The book will be of interest to manufacturers, retailers, consumers, local authorities, policy makers, students and professionals looking to reduce our impact on the environment.

Everything we do to the land, air, and water affects our quality of life on this planet. Since the beginning of time, human beings have generated and discarded trash. As the pollution of the United States continues to grow so have the problems with our nation's landfills. Americans throw away an average of 3.5 pounds of garbage per person each day, or approximately 160 million tons of it per year. Studies have been conducted that show that the majority of our trash consists of paper, yard trimmings, metal, plastics, glass, food wastes, rubber, leather, textiles, and miscellaneous inorganic materials. Why do we want to recycle anything when we can more easily throw it away?Historically, recycling has occurred whenever the societal need to do so arises and when legislation requires it. Recycling aids in the conservation of natural resources, reduces pollution to the land, air and water, reduces the impact of alternative disposal methods such as landfilling and incineration, and preserves natural wildlife habitats and ecosystems. Currently recycling is performed voluntarily with no mandatory requirements on the general populace. Lund (1993) states that recycling is the act of extracting materials from the waste stream and reusing them. This generally includes collection, separation, processing, the creation of new products or materials, and marketing. This study involves an effort to learn more about the current methods and practice of recycling in Virginia. To better understand the entire cyclical process, the study was limited to four commodities (paper, glass, plastics and rubber) within the south central counties of Prince Edward, Amelia, Buckingham, and Cumberland. Information obtained from this research will be shared with the surrounding communities to increase their awareness of the fates of recycled materials and their reintroduction into the marketplace. By studying the recycling loop, it can be shown that consumers are being made more aware of what materials are recyclable and their benefits. However, ...