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This paper highlights the presence of a hidden enterprise culture in the Indian informal economy (versus a necessity driven view) and draws a developmental framework to harness micro-enterprise owners. Policy research has typically taken a welfare approach toward studying the informal sector in the developing countries. Therefore, the agenda has been to create a favorable environment for survival instead of cultivating entrepreneurship and facilitating their growth. Conversely, this paper explores a strategic orientation for the informal sector. The proposed framework balances entrepreneurial spirit of the individuals, market dynamics of the economy, and socio-economic imperatives of a developing nation. Implications for research and policy are also drawn.

Purpose: The paper presents an investigation of Small and Micro Enterprises in Saudi Arabia with the VISION 2030 is focused. This paper discuss about the effects, reasons, GDP and employment contribution in the Saudi Arabian economy. Design/Methodology/Approach: The systematic review of literature used due to which, it will be limited in the sense that it might carry forward the mistakes or wrong information presented in the articles or previous studies. Findings: The contribution of SMEs has not received its full potential but it is clear from the findings that they are on the right track. The KSA government has been engaged in various initiatives and programs that will help in boosting the growth of Micro and Small Enterprises. SMEs is the way to help the KSA to get rid of its overreliance on oil sector which is always prone to detrimental challenges due to oil prices fluctuations. Practical Implications: The findings will help the policy makers for bearing on business growth strategy. The recommendation includes the policy measures that promote to take-up business plans and targeted at young generation; larger-sized businesses may have the greatest impact in terms of helping to facilitate business growth along with the help of Saudi Arabian VISION 2030. Originality/Value: This study comes at the right time when the contribution of SMEs is increasing attention globally. It is the right time for Saudi Arabia to focus on SMEs for it successful VISION 2030.

Entrepreneurial development initiatives -- Entrepreneurship in Malaysia -- Women micro-entrepreneurship in Malaysia -- Social capital and micro-entrepreneurship -- Entrepreneurial competencies and traits -- Micro-entrepreneurship, quality of life and empowerment

By analysing the long-term competitiveness of Hungarian dry pasta making micro and small businesses, I intend to explore its strategic potential. The changes in the competitiveness of the dry pasta sector in Hungary between 1969 and 2019 were analysed with the help of contemporary periodicals from the database of the Hungarian Agricultural Museum and Library. The changes in the competitiveness of the Hungarian dry pasta market over the period 1969-2019 were analyzed according to the six aspects of diamond model: factor conditions, demand conditions, corporate strategy, structure and rivalry, relating and supporting industries, government regulations, change. Looking at future trends in the dry pasta market, the bidirectional impact on the competitiveness of the pasta market will be affected. One effect is to move towards horizontal networking as a result of globalization, making the pasta company that is able to negotiate better in the food supply chain more competitive. The other effect is the trend of local patriotism, which stimulates the development of micro-regions and originates in the initiative of the locals: innovation of flavours, innovation in raw materials, possibilities of Hungarian ethnocentrism. In addition, retail brands are expected to grow further. As retail chains do not pass on any gains from the increase of their export volume to the processors, the manufacturers' own brand is weakened. The study provides a long-term overview of the changes in the competitiveness of companies operating in the dry pasta market. There has been a tremendous change over the last eighty years with the innovative transformation of the pasta industry. At that time, almost all pasta products were made at home, and today the pasta group is competing for housewives by employing industrial designers.

This paper examines the usefulness of support services to manufacturing microenterprises as perceived by the microenterprise owners. In Kenya, there is an emphasis on financial support services at the expense of other services but evidence of their usefulness to the survival and maintenance of manufacturing microenterprises is scarce. Convenience sampling was used to select 172 manufacturing microenterprises that had received any kind of support. Data was collected through researcher-administered questionnaires and analysed using frequencies, percentages and chi-square tests. Results revealed that though financial support was utilised by almost two thirds of the enterprises, over three quarters of the owners did not perceive it as useful, mainly due to the little amount of money given as credit. Training was considered useful to microenterprises, especially in the areas of record keeping and marketing. Social networks, in terms of ROSCAs, friends and relatives, were the major sources of support for manufacturing microenterprises.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Research about how creative economy grew considerably in last years, mainly by the increase of representation that this sector has in the global economy. It is believed that creative economy's organizations have some characteristics that differentiate them for the traditional areas where creativity is relevant in the innovation process. Thus, this paper aims to analyse the process of innovation in the creative economy organizations. Originality/gap/relevance/implications: Due to still early literature in the Brazilian context, we expect to contribute to it in the business studies field. Key methodological aspects: We conducted an exploratory qualitative research study on four micro enterprises that are part of the creative industries. The theoretical approach was about innovation in creative organizations, so as it was possible to realize an analysis of innovation in the investigated business from three categories identified in the literature: organization, technology options and customers. Summary of key results: It was found that these organizations have some characteristics that differ from traditional sectors of the economy, both in the type of innovation and in the way the innovation process is managed. However, it is questionable whether the flexibility that both aids in the flow of ideas and information would be a reality in larger companies. Key considerations/conclusions: As contributions, this article raised a reflection on creativity and innovation in this segment and also on innovation in creative microenterprises.

This study aims to examine the accounting practices of micro businesses engaged in convection at the Islamic Boarding School, named Aba Collection. This study uses ethnomethodology with the qualitative approach as a research method because it has its own points in understanding empirically. Ethnomethodology is an empirical study that studies how humans capture and perform daily activities in social reality. The results of this study found that accounting does exist and is considered important in the Aba Collection. Applied accounting is using simple accounting in its own way. The presence of simple accounting is carried out based on religious values, namely sustenance, sincerity, and alms. These values are implemented in simple accounting practices with the belief and faith of the business owner. The finding of this study suggests that Local governments should also pay more attention to providing training on accounting practices to produce financial statements tailored to the needs and business conditions classified as Micro businesses in Tulungagung Regency.