Suchergebnisse

AbstractSex work is one of the most stigmatised professions in the world. Although research examining other stigmatised populations has found associations between internalised stigma, increased loneliness, and poorer mental well-being, there is limited research examining these associations for sex workers. This is concerning, considering Corrigan's theory that internalised stigma, as well as external stigma, reduces opportunities of stigmatised persons. Further, internalised stigma, loneliness, and poorer well-being have been associated with significant social, mental, and physical consequences for stigmatised populations. As such, this exploratory study investigated sex workers' internalised stigma, and its relationship with their mental well-being and experience of loneliness. 56 full-service sex workers (78.6% females, 12.5% non-binary, 8.9% males, ranging from 18 to 43 years old) completed an online, cross-sectional survey measuring their self-reported internalised stigma, loneliness, and mental well-being. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses (MRAs) supported the hypotheses that higher internalised stigma would significantly predict lower mental well-being and higher loneliness after controlling for age and gender. Internalised stigma accounted for a significant 39.3% of the variance in loneliness, and a significant 12.6% of the variance in mental well-being. Correlations supported the hypothesis that higher loneliness would significantly, negatively correlate with mental well-being after controlling for age. Findings aligned with prior research and supported Corrigan. Limitations of the study are discussed, including the small sample size and the cross-sectional, self-report research design. Identified areas of focus for future research and practice include consideration of other associates of internalised stigma for sex workers, as well as lessening the consequences of stigmatisation for sex workers through reduction of its internalisation.

Purpose To examine the interaction effects of adult and child food insecurity on parents' and children's mental well-being. Design An online survey study was conducted. Setting Two Head Start organizations and the Qualtrics Panel. Subjects Four hundred and eight parents under poverty level and having a child aged 3–5 years participated. Measures Food insecurity was assessed by the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module. Parents' stress, anxiety and depression; and children's sadness, fear, anger, and positive affect were measured using instruments from HealthMeasures. Analysis Multivariate general linear models were performed in SPSS. Results Mean age was 31 years, 17% Hispanic, 21% Black. About 51% parents and 37% children were food insecure. After adjusting for demographics and child food insecurity, parents with adult food insecurity had higher stress ( B = 2.65, p = .002), anxiety ( B = 3.02, p = .001), and depression ( B = 3.66, p = .001); and fear in their children ( B = 5.03, p = .002) than those without adult food insecurity. Similarly, parents reporting child food insecurity had greater depression than those having no child food insecurity ( B = 4.61, p = .020). Black parents had lower stress ( B = −1.91, p = .018), anxiety ( B = −2.26, p = .012), and depression ( B = −4.17, p < .001) than their White counterparts. Conclusions The study's results underscore the importance of reducing food insecurity in both parents and children as a whole family system to promote mental well-being of low-income families.

Objective: We aim to estimate the association between working hour mismatches and mental well-being. We also investigate the confounding and moderating role of job quality in this association. - Methods : We use cross-sectional data from the European Working Conditions Survey of 2015 in the analysis. The sample includes 9345 male and 10,998 female employees in 28 countries. We run a multilevel linear regression accounting for the clustering of countries with mental well-being assessed by the World Health Organization Index. We compute mismatches in working hours as the difference between desired and actual hours of work, categorized as underemployed, unconstrained, and overemployed. The main dependent variable is the combination of these mismatches for each of the following working schedules: ≤ 20; 21-34; 35-40; 41-47; and ≥ 48 h/week (h/w). - Results : The adverse association of short and long hours with well-being is mostly attributable to mismatches in working hours (except for men in the 41-47 h/w group). Once we adjust for job quality, overemployed men ≥ 48 h/w experience a reduction in mental well-being of − 5.2 (95 CI % − 7.04 to − 3.76) with respect to the unconstrained base category 35-40 h/w. Overemployed women experience a reduction in mental well-being ranging from − 4.94 (95 CI % − 6.54 to − 3.34) in the ≥ 48 h/w schedule to − 11.11 (95 CI % − 17.35 to − 4.87) in the ≤ 20 h/w schedule. We observe a confounding role of job quality across most working hour schedules, but the interaction effects are modest. Conclusion Employee control over working hours is associated with mental well-being with differences by gender. Labour policies aimed at promoting flexibility on the employee side could be favoured to improve workers' mental well-being.

Chapter 1.Self-Determination Theory: Attributes of healthy ageing -- Chapter 2.Towards healthy ageing: Understanding enabling factors and well-being in Singapore -- Chapter 3.Predicting relations among life goals, physical activity, health, and well-being in elderly adults: A Self-Determination Theory perspective on healthy ageing -- Chapter 4.Musical engagement and psychological need satisfaction in later life: Experiences from communities of older musicians in Japan and Hong Kong -- Chapter 5 .Why care? A Self-Determination Theory perspective of informal caregiving -- Chapter 6 .How do people engage with hearing services? Exploring motivation for help-seeking and perceptions of autonomy support in older adults seeking help for their hearing -- Chapter 7.A phenomenological exploration of autonomy and related psychological needs among the residents of a memory care unit -- Chapter 8.Autonomy and active ageing -- Chapter 9.Benefits of travel motivation in senior adults: A self-determination theory approach -- Chapter 10.The importance of a supportive community environment in promoting and sustaining healthy ageing: A self-determination theory perspective.

This study investigated the mediating role of neighborhood satisfaction and use of outdoor spaces in the effects of the physical environment on mental well-being. Four planning/design-related aspects of the environment were examined: perceived proximity of home to green/social spaces, open lawn with trees, and building-dominated spaces as well as perceived barriers to neighborhood use. A random sample of 434 Chicago residents participated in a photo survey. The results of linear regression modeling and mediation analyses support the hypothesis that satisfaction with quality of public space and frequency of use of green/social spaces have a significant mediating role in the relationship between nearby environmental attributes and mental well-being. Perceived barriers were also found to have both direct and indirect effects on mental well-being. Recognition of the differential roles played by environmental attributes, neighborhood satisfaction, and use patterns can help guide planners/designers to create outdoor spaces that enhance urban residents' mental well-being.