Suchergebnisse

American cities have struggled to maintain the centrality of their downtown areas. As retail and office uses have continued to move into suburban areas and outlying regions, many local governments -- especially of smaller and mid-size cities -- have all but given up on the prospect of replacing the commercial vitality once found in many city centers. The ability to attract a permanent residential population, lured by good regional access, has become a necessary prerequisite for attracting new commercial uses back to the inner city. In this paper, Bosselmann uses downtown Oakland to demonstrate an urban design strategy that starts with the history of the city's urban form and its physical patterns. The strategy identifies the areas of vitality and the elements of the public realm that might be repaired if new development is directed and coordinated. An important aspect of this essay is to explain what is implied when abstract terms are used, like "urban vitality," "urban repair," or "incremental development." These terms express professional values that require clear communication to the future and existing residents of the inner city. At the same time, the essay continues a tradition that identifies the need to balance the forces of competition with a need for cooperation. This tradition, one of the fundamental functions of city government, has emerged as a counter force to the worst effects of the industrial revolution. Then and now, city design professionals have seen it as their professional challenge to tame and cultivate what we now call "market forces" in a constant effort to protect the weaker elements of the city: culture, people and nature. In the inner city, these three elements will remain weak because market forces will only selectively address such concerns.

Forged and still scarred by slavery, Caribbean agricultural landscapes are now being made redundant in an era of global market integration. The demise of preferential trade agreements is exposing the uncompetitiveness of the plantation sector while small farmers, still largely confined to marginal positions within highly inequitable landscapes, are being pushed into a new vulnerability by market integration, as rising food imports flood local markets. Unfortunately, political attention continues to revolve around the ailing plantation sector. In contrast, it is argued here that the current crisis of Caribbean agriculture contains a historic opportunity for restructuring in the interests of the region's small farmers and that, in the process, the sector could be helped to gain a new vitality.

The Unequal Prosperity of Agricultural Markets in Anjou and Poitou. Their Role in Spatial Organisation.

The modernisation of agriculture has often resulted in the economic integration of agricultural markets. In the Deux-Sèvres and neighbouring departments, the situation is extremely diversified. Using numerous surveys and varied documents, the author analyses the temporal and spatial fluctuations of trading places according to the products sold (vegetables or cattle). He shows how their traditional roots have endured and underlines the extraordinary vitality of some of them.
The author also discusses the wider role of the agricultural market in urbanisation, its links with other urban functions such as employment and trade (sedentary or itinerant). He ends with some reflections on spatial organisation as he compares the urban network to the agricultural market network; certain similarities and differences are thus made clear for the area studied.

Segregation: The Rising Costs for America documents how discriminatory practices in the housing markets through most of the past century, and that continue today, have produced extreme levels of residential segregation that result in significant disparities in access to good jobs, quality education, homeownership attainment and asset accumulation between minority and non-minority households. The book also demonstrates how problems facing minority communities are increasingly important to the nation's long-term economic vitality and global competitiveness as a whole. Solutions to the challenges

Viewing social movements as innovations beyond the traditional categories of state & market in which ordinary citizens show their vitality, the future of social movements is addressed. It is argued that, to adequately reflect current social emphases on innovation, pluralism, & diversity, social movements may increasingly become (possibly culturally oriented) arenas in which reflection, reciprocity, & the enjoyment of plurality are central. It is further suggested that increasing use of modern communication technology will result in the partial replacement of traditional action methods & networks with virtual ones. S. Paul

There are many efforts to revitalize traditional market as urban economic and socio-cultural place. Several creative communities in Bandung have been trying to pep up the vitality of Pasar Cihapit Bandung through socio-cultural events. Through place as assemblage approach, this paper traces the actors involved and their relation in the place-making, and also to seek how the creative movement contribute to the traditional economic activities which have been taken place before. This creative movement has identified to be able to attract public attention to the market, signified in the media publication. The emergence of new actors also generated the contested space in Cihapit market, influenced by actors' relation to another group outside the market. The market publicities is also attracted political actors concern, stimulated by their popularity desires, that impact to space contestation intensity. It is found that creative movement can increase the physical image of the market by socio-cultural events, but it is not found its significant contribution to improve the economic role of the traditional market. This paper contributes knowledge to understand how everyday practice of power works in designing and creating built environment

Few observers are unimpressed by the economic ambition of China or by the nation's remarkable rate of growth. But what does the future hold? This meticulously researched book closely examines the strengths and weaknesses of the Chinese economic system to discover where the nation may be headed and what the Chinese experience reveals about emerging market economies. The authors find that contrary to popular belief, cutting edge innovation is not a prerequisite for sustained economic vitality-and that China is a perfect case in point

Few observers are unimpressed by the economic ambition of China or by the nation s remarkable rate of growth. But what does the future hold? This meticulously researched book closely examines the strengths and weaknesses of the Chinese economic system to discover where the nation may be headed and what the Chinese experience reveals about emerging market economies. The authors find that contrary to popular belief, cutting edge innovation is not a prerequisite for sustained economic vitality and that China is a perfect case in point.

What can we learn about collective action across Central and Eastern Europe by focusing on activism within urban spaces? This volume argues that the recent resurgence of urban grassroots mobilisation represents a new phase in the development of post-socialist civil societies and that these civil societies have significantly more vitality than is commonly perceived. The case studies here reflect the diversity and complexity of post-socialist urban movements, capturing also the extent to which the laboratory of urban politics is richly illustrative of the complex nexus of state-society-market r

What can we learn about collective action across Central and Eastern Europe by focusing on activism within urban spaces? This volume argues that the recent resurgence of urban grassroots mobilisation represents a new phase in the development of post-socialist civil societies and that these civil societies have significantly more vitality than is commonly perceived. The case studies here reflect the diversity and complexity of post-socialist urban movements, capturing also the extent to which the laboratory of urban politics is richly illustrative of the complex nexus of state-society-market r.

Enth. eine Liste der wichtigsten Medien (Presse, Rundfunk- und Fernsehanstalten) im Jahr 2004

Indications are that the long-term decline of self-employment has come to a halt in the 1970s in the advanced industrialized economies. In this paper, we challenge the currently popular argument that the recent revival of self-employment represents an effective answer to the problems of slow economic growth and unemployment. Our time-series regression analysis of aggregate self-employment rates in eight major OECD countries from the early 1950s to 1987 suggests that rising self-employment may be a response to deficiencies in labour markets rather than a sign of economic vitality.

Offering new research on strategic factors in the development of the nineteenth century American economy—labor, capital, and political structure—the contributors to this volume employ a methodology innovated by Robert W. Fogel, one of the leading pioneers of the "new economic history." Fogel's work is distinguished by the application of economic theory and large-scale quantitative evidence to long-standing historical questions. These sixteen essays reveal, by example, the continuing vitality of Fogel's approach. The authors use an astonishing variety of data, including genealogies, the U.S. federal population census manuscripts, manumission and probate records, firm accounts, farmers' account books, and slave narratives, to address collectively market integration and its impact on the lives of Americans. The evolution of markets in agricultural and manufacturing labor is considered first; that concerning capital and credit follows. The demography of free and slave populations is the subject of the third section, and the final group of papers examines the extra-market institutions of governments and unions

In the early 2000s, New Brunswick's Acadia, a Canadian Francophone minority community, became a host community for French-speaking immigrants through activism and the law. The discourse of some of its elites and community organisations is very positive about immigration. However, faced with a multi-dimensional institutional incompleteness in the area of immigration, Acadia erects borders in core sectors of its labour market, namely French-language education and health services. Francophone immigrants are thus pushed to the margins of its labour market, and more precisely to circumstantial and structural employment niches. They realise that they have been selected to take part in French-speaking life and to strengthen the vitality of their host community, but they cannot be part of the French-speaking society as a result of identity issues leading to discriminatory social relationships that prevent them from being fully included in their new host community. A segmented and juxtaposed local Francophonie is thus beginning to emerge due to the lack of integration of immigrants in the Francophone labour market.