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The authors have examined municipal waste, its components and their integration with reverse logistics processes. Background: The theoretical part begins with a definition of municipal waste. Later, the integration between municipal waste and reverse logistics is provided, including presentation of the hierarchy of qualitative methods and models. Methods: The authors constructed a correlation matrix and applied a dynamic regression model to identify that the level of municipal waste impacts recycling of biowaste which demands reverse logistics. Results: The authors provided a dynamic regression model which could be applied for forecasting the size of recycled municipal waste into biowaste indicated in European Union countries. Conclusions: The variety of components in municipal waste prevents the increase of the recycling rates and has to be changed to ones that have higher recycling rates.

This study examined the relationship between waste management logistics and identified metrics for waste management logistics performance. Secondly, the study assessed the various challenges inhibiting the performance of LAWMA in the State. Random table sampling and purposive sampling were used to select 47 waste collection centres with 10 questionnaires distributed per centre (470 in total) across the 20 Local Government Areas (LGA) in Lagos State. However, only 339 questionnaires were retrieved from the sampled population. Multiple regression analysis was used to predict the relationship between waste management logistics and identified metrics for waste logistics performance. Descriptive statistics was used to explain the challenges of the Lagos State Waste Management Authority (LAWMA). The results established that the volume of solid waste and commitment of staff are crucial to waste management logistics and one factor that strongly affects waste logistics is traffic in the metropolis. Conclusively, waste collection turnaround must be increased and government and private investors should provide enabling infrastructure and trained personnel for effective solid waste management in Lagos metropolis.

Maintaining efficiency in despatching goods from a depot to geographically dispersed customers may require management at the depot to adjust its delivery routes daily if these customers' demands fluctuate from day to day. One type of adjustment is to give drivers daily "skip lists" instructing them not to visit customers who have indicated that they do not need delivery on the day in question. This adjustment, which is appropriately referred to as semi‐variable routes, increases the depot's outbound logistics productivity by eliminating some unnecessary travelling. Using extensive experimental data, develops a regression model that efficiently and accurately estimates this productivity increase, and illustrates how spreadsheets can be used as a decision support medium for using the model in pedagogical and applied settings. Confirms the model's validity by standard model validation tests as well as by comparison with an existing model from previous research.

There is a rising demand to find new patterns for economic growth and development, and improving competitiveness, where the role of logistics should be considered in more detail. The main purpose of the article is to examine and compare the effects of countries' logistics performance in EU, BRICS, and ASEAN, and to test the role of individual logistics components. The research method is based on panel data using fixed effects regressions for the period 2007-2018. The results confirm the positive impact of logistics on economic growth and competitiveness in the total sample and EU countries, while logistics contributes to rising competitiveness in BRICS countries. Individual contributions of LPI components were also identified, presenting the importance of sub-indices for economic growth and national competitiveness. The research implications emphasize the role of logistics as a factor of economic growth and development and highlight its potential in rising national competitiveness. The main contribution is new evidence on the effects of logistics at the level of selected groups of countries, which highlights the importance of this sector and provides recommendations for economic policymakers.

Purpose
Despite huge investments within the modern trade arena, Vietnam remains a traditional trade retailing country. The purpose of this paper is to establish the combined effects of motivation, store attributes and demographic factors on the predictive outcome of store format choice in Vietnam.


Design/methodology/approach
A logistic regression model is used to determine the effect of these factors on the predictive outcome of traditional markets or supermarkets in purchasing non-food products or processed food products.


Findings
The dichotomy between what supermarkets and traditional markets have to offer is simple but effective. Utilitarian-motivated shoppers are more likely to shop at traditional markets. They emphasize the need to buy products quickly, find a good price, with less travel time and hence lower travel costs. Hedonistic shoppers are motivated by feelings of happiness; they shop to relieve stress and to keep up with trends. Significant difference in store choice also exists between older and higher income shoppers.


Research limitations/implications
Future research should examine the sociocultural dimensions of shopping at traditional stores by exploring how such shopping relates to, and is embedded in, the formation and changes of individual identity, especially in communities outside of Ho Chi Minh City where shoppers are almost entirely dependent on traditional stores.


Practical implications
Traditional stores have the benefit of convenient location and savings in both time and travel costs. These benefits are being eroded as supermarkets and transnational retail corporations establish new stores close to the traditional stores.


Social implications
Shopping at traditional markets is part of the social culture and is embedded in individuals' identity formation, despite increasing urbanization and shoppers' higher incomes.


Originality/value
This study comprehensively explores the interactions between store choice and motivation, store attributes and demographic factors, taking into account contemporary and contextually relevant factors.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically study the necessary and sufficient antecedents of customer loyalty to logistics service providers (LSPs). Despite the abundance of loyalty studies, few studies have empirically examined the complex causal relationships between loyalty and its antecedents using the appropriate research methods.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses fuzzy sets qualitative comparison analysis (FsQCA) to uncover the antecedents and antecedent configurations of customer loyalty. This study examined the necessity and sufficiency of five antecedents (operational collaboration, strategic collaboration, trust, service satisfaction and price satisfaction) and on five dimensions of loyalty (repurchase intension, switching costs, exclusiveness, referrals and overall loyalty). This study developed six research hypotheses based on existing literature and tested them empirically in a manufacturing context. This study compared results from FsQCA with regression analysis.FindingsThe findings reveal that only a few antecedent configurations lead to customer loyalty, including a combination of strategic and operational collaboration, bundling of service offerings and combining competitive price with strategic collaboration. Further, the absence of trust negatively affects loyalty, but the presence of trust does not lead to loyalty.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to business to business literature by demonstrating how to use FsQCA analysis to test the presence of equifinality, conjunction and causal asymmetry of complex relationships. This study applies FsQCA between antecedent factors and customer loyalty. Furthermore, we demonstrate how to compare and integrate FsQCA with conventional regression analysis which is based on correlation-bounded logic.Practical implicationsThis study shows that no single antecedents that can generate loyalty, yet, few antecedent configurations work better than others: collaborating at both strategic and operational level with your partner has the highest impact on loyalty. Another configuration that leads to loyalty is to combine competitive prices with strategic collaboration, which particularly stimulates repurchase decisions. Price is are not sufficient enough to lead to customer loyalty.Originality/valueThis study applied a novel analysis to uncover necessary and sufficient conditions that conventional methods such as regression analysis and structural equation modelling have limited power.

"This book examines the current and controversial topic of the sulphur cap in maritime supply chains, a new regulation set to be enforced in 2020. The author presents extensive research on three northern countries - Finland, Sweden and Estonia - and the effects they felt when these regulations were rolled out in 2015. These regional case studies are presented alongside extensive private sector data, annual reports and interviews to assess and forecast how the maritime supply chain will cope with rising costs and alternative approaches to environmental regulations. This book includes advanced regression analyses alongside interactive simulation models for the reader to evaluate new supply chain strategies and study the effects of these regulations."--Publisher's description

Historically, women have been victims to a much greater degree than perpetrators of violence. However, the 1970s witnessed the emergence of women as important protagonists in the conflicts across the world. Recent years have witnessed suicide attacks perpetrated by women suicide bombers. This growing trend of women bombers has the general public and counterterrorism specialists concerned because of its implication that women will be key players in future terrorist attacks. Women's role in terrorist organisations have also transformed since 1970s.Women across the ideological spectrum played different roles at different times. The use of women for "soft tasks" like logistics and recruitment gradually started to change in the mid-1980s when they started playing a much more visible frontline role. A woman taking up a suicide bombing role diverges significantly and is far more dangerous than their traditional activity of playing logisticians, recruiters or even a frontline role. This paper scrutinizes this change. There are multi causal issues which drive women to join terrorism and more so as suicide bombers. Psychological, economic, political, religious and sociological factors can act as contributors to understanding the causes that drive women towards terrorism. This paper attempts to highlight the role played by women in various terrorist organisations around the world. It also tries to bring out the factors which influence women to participate in terrorist acts. It aims to bring out the above facts by analysing various groups which have women cadre. Previous studies in the same realm have focused on a particular group or a conflict whereas this paper attempts to examine female participation across multiple conflicts in different groups driven by different ideology, which provides a clear insight into the multi causal factors which are responsible for this trend. The methodology followed is a descriptive one wherein the analysis is conducted on information derived from published secondary data.

PurposeAims to conceptualize flexible logistics programs and information connectivity as two important aspects of logistics flexibility and to examine the role of information connectivity in making flexible logistics programs successful.Design/methodology/approachA hierarchical regression model is used to test the research hypotheses.FindingsThe results suggest that flexible logistics programs are strongly related to all performance dimensions, and that information connectivity fully mediates the relationship between flexible logistics programs and asset productivity and partially mediates the relationship between flexible logistics programs and delivery competence.Research limitations/implicationsFuture theoretical research can develop a detailed conceptualization of logistics flexibility. In this paper, the constructs are developed utilizing an exploratory factor analysis approach. Future research utilizing confirmatory factor analysis approach will allow a better validation of the performance constructs. The paper also considers that studies that link flexible logistics program, information connectivity and performance in a structural equations modeling framework will further enrich one's understanding. In this framework, flexible logistics programs can be considered as a latent variable comprising several individual resource level flexibility measures.Practical implicationsThis research highlights the need for organizational structure, role dependencies and a proactive preparedness in terms of managerial policies. The concept of special programs for accommodating changing customer requirements exemplifies the importance for a firm to be aware of shifting demand characteristics and the ability to tailor service delivery accordingly.Originality/valueAn examination of the research questions sheds some light on logistics flexibility as a critical component of logistics capability. With this study logistics flexibility is characterized in terms of flexible logistics programs and information connectivity and hypotheses are tested that link these aspects with performance. It is believed that this enhances and enriches the existing logistics literature and presents avenues for further investigation. Meanwhile, testing the link presents managerial insights for prudent decision making. An investigation of the role of information connectivity provides directions for firms to align their information system strategies with their flexibility‐oriented planning decisions.

PurposeAims to provide empirical evidence of the relationships between and among reverse logistics, resource commitment, and innovation.Design/methodology/approachMail surveys were sent to members of the Automobile Aftermarket Industry Association, a large trade association. Factor level results followed by between‐item results, as typically reported in general linear modeling and mediated regression, are developed using a split sample methodology. Ultimately, Resource‐Advantage Theory provided the framework for examining the impact of developing innovative reverse logistics‐related dynamic capabilities.FindingsResource commitment makes reverse logistics programs more efficient and more effective. However, the resources must be used in such a manner as to develop innovative capabilities/approaches to handling returns. Resource commitment was not found to be significantly related to innovation in reverse logistics at smaller firms. This is likely to be related to the level of resources available. Larger firms can commit greater resources and, thus, enjoy superior performance compared with smaller firms in the survey group.Research limitations/implicationsThe focus is somewhat narrow. New research should extend beyond the one industry examined. Future research should also expand to include more members of the supply chain and employ methods that allow examination of network relationships.Practical implicationsReverse logistics deserves special attention in terms of resource commitment. Resources related to labor, i.e. allocating sufficient personnel to reverse logistics programs, are especially critical. Innovation in reverse logistics programs was found to be related to operational service quality at both small and large firms.Originality/valueThe research provides empirical evidence of the relationships between resource commitment and innovation – and how reverse logistics program performance is influenced. This has important implications with respect to customer relations. It can also be used to provide rationale for securing adequate resource commitment for reverse logistics programs.

This article demonstrates a procedure for using regression analysis to develop estimating equations that simply and quickly predict the effects on system performance of changes in parametric values of complex interrelation- ships imbedded in a full mathematical simulation model. Though a analytic solution to the relationships may be possible, the time and other resources necessary to generate such a solution may exceed those available. The resulting estimating equations facilitate understanding of the system being simulated, enable users to more easily conduct sensitivity analysis and answer what-if questions, and assist the selling of the simulation results to potential users. The procedure includes criteria for selection of: variables to be analyzed, the sensitivity range, the value increments, and the functional form. The example utilized is a simulation model developed for estimating future military retirement costs. (Author) ; Prepared for: The Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (MRA&L), Washington DC ; http://archive.org/details/estimatingrelati00eusk ; Funding for this research was provided by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower, Installations, and Logistics). ; NA

We investigated the factors influencing the intention of entrepreneurs driven by opportunity (ODE) and entrepreneurs driven by necessity (NDE) in the countries of South-East Europe (SEE). The aim of the paper was to identify the key factors of entrepreneurial intentions of ODE/NDE and to propose measures the application of which can transform NDE into ODE and increase the contribution of total entrepreneurial activity to economic development. The Binomial Logistics Regression and Ordinary Logistics Regression were applied, using data for 125,444 entrepreneurs in seven countries of SEE. Our findings highlight that the intention of ODE is most influenced by entrepreneurial knowledge and experience, entrepreneurial alertness and social contacts and networks, while unemployment (as a work status) and low household income have a significant impact on the intention of NDE. The fear of failure has a negative influence on the intentions of both groups of entrepreneurs, but its impact is much more accentuated in NDE than in ODE.

PurposeThe influence of security practices is increasingly common in the supply chain management and logistics literature. However, an under-researched area exists within the logistics service provider (LSP) selection process. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a security capability into the LSP selection process. Specifically, this research seeks to understand partner willingness to compensate and collaborate with service providers that possess a security capability.Design/methodology/approachAdaptive choice modeling is adopted to assess the influence of a security capability in the LSP selection process. This study represents the first use of this method in supply chain management and logistics research. Cluster analysis is also performed to uncover specific buyer segments along with traditional regression-based significance testing and counting analysis.FindingsThe findings indicate that security can have an important influence on the LSP selection process. In particular, the findings note a willingness to pay for a security capability in LSP selection. Applying segmentation techniques to the findings, three LSP buying segments are determined, each placing different importance and value on LSP capabilities.Practical implicationsThis research notes an ongoing provider deficiency in security offerings. Partner firms sometimes maintain a cost focus, but others show a willingness to pay higher prices for access to partners with a security capability. Key practitioner findings include the need to include security with other traditional selection variables. The study walks the researcher and manager through the development of segments based on LSP capabilities.Originality/valueThis manuscript investigates logistic service provider selection. The authors detail an advanced form of conjoint analysis, adaptive conjoint modeling, for first time consideration. Additionally, this is the first study to integrate security into the LSP selection process. This is also the first study to identify a willingness to pay for a security capability.