Suchergebnisse

Major transport infrastructures are increasingly in the news as both the engineering and financing possibilities come together. However, these projects have also demonstrated the inadequacy of most existing approaches to forecasting their impacts and their overall evaluation. This collection of papers from a conference organised by the Applied Econometric Association represents a state of the art look at issues of forecasting traffic, developing pricing strategies and estimating the impacts in a set of papers by leading authorities from Europe, North America and Japan.

The state and prospects of the transport infrastructure development of the Slovak Republic (SR) in the context of legal standards of the European Union (EU). The ownership and administration of the transport infrastructure. The vulnerability of objects and elements of the transport infrastructure. Implementing the risk management in the area of the critical infrastructure in the transport sector

The authors use different data sets to investigate the dependence of transport costs on geography and infrastructure. Infrastructure is an important determinant of transport costs, especially for landlocked countries. Analysis of bilateral trade data confirms the importance of infrastructure and gives an estimate of the elasticity of trade flows with respect to the trade cost factor of around-3. A deterioration of infrastructure from the median to the 75th percentile raises transport costs by 12 percentage points and reduces trade volumes by 28 percent. Analysis of African trade flows indicates that their relatively low level is largely due to poor infrastructure.

The legacy of history -- Roads : the burden of maintenance -- Railways : not pulling their weight -- Airports and air transport : policies for growth -- Ports and shipping : moving toward modern management structures -- Urban transport : struggling with growth -- Spending to improve connectivity -- Financing : filling the gaps -- Governance : the key to progress

Creation of road transport infrastructure, through its direct and indirect effects, has a bearing on sustainability of growth and overall development of a country. It provides knowledge spillovers resulting from the whole agglomerated area via network dynamic externalities. The models based on cost or production function that incorporate infrastructure but simply assume a positive effect are no longer satisfactory to take to the data, because they ignore any feedback effect. In this article, therefore, we have twin objectives: first, we examine whether road transport infrastructure has a long-run equilibrium relationship with the macroeconomic variables such as output, employment and gross private capital formation or not. Second, we use vector autoregression (VAR) approach to analyse the impact of road transport infrastructure on macroeconomic variables. The elasticities that are estimated in the VAR model differ from the production function elasticities, as they incorporate feedback effect between the variables in the model, as opposed to the 'ceteris paribus' elasticities which are estimated in production function studies.

In spite of the massive revenue emanating from oil wealth, the successive government of Nigeria failed to give to its citizenry the dividend of democracy owing in large part to their inability to establish a market clearing situation because of inadequate linkage between the sources and the markets (transport infrastructures). An enquiry into the cause and potential solutions to the problems of transport infrastructure development in Nigeria informed the need to regress indices of fiscal vulnerability on the indicator of transport infrastructure development in Nigeria from 1986 through 2017 using the dynamic ordinary least squares regression technique. Results show that high-levelfiscal vulnerability deters optimal government expenditure on transport infrastructure development in Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, itis recommended that government should do more to block all leakages of fiscal revenues and subsequently ensure that more allocation is channelled into transporting infrastructure development because of its forward and backward linkages.

Spain's transport infrastructure policy has become a paradigmatic case of oversupply and of mismatch with demand. The massive expansion of the country's transport infrastructure over the last decade has not been a response to demand bottlenecks or previously identified needs. For this reason, the intensity of use today on all interurban modes of transport in Spain falls well below that of other EU countries. This paper analyzes the institutional and regulatory factors that have permitted this policy, allowing us to draw lessons from the Spanish case that should help other countries avoid the pitfalls and shortcomings of Spanish policy. Based on our analysis, we also discuss policy remedies and suggest reforms in different regulatory areas, which could help improve the performance of Spain's infrastructure policy.

AbstractThis study analysed the spatial spillover effects of road and railway transport infrastructure on economic growth in the provinces of Iran. More specifically, it examined the direct, indirect (spatial spillover), and total effects of such infrastructure on the output growth of the provinces. To this end, maximum likelihood was used to estimate a spatial Durbin model for the provinces over the period 2001 to 2011. The results showed that main road and railway transport frameworks exert a positive and significant direct effect on the economic growth of the provinces. The main road and railway transport infrastructure in each province has a significant and positive indirect effect on the economic growth of the other provinces, indicating that improvements to individual infrastructure have spatial spillover effects on the economic growth of the other provinces. The conclusion drawn from these findings is that diffusion effects overcome agglomeration effects. Finally, total railway length has a positive spatial spillover effect on regional economic growth.