Suchergebnisse

In groundbreaking peer-reviewed research forthcoming in the journal "Climatic Change", researcher Richard Heede offers the most complete picture to date of which institutions have extracted the fossil fuels that have been the root cause of global warming since the Industrial Revolution. Rather than attribute emissions to nations, the study aggregates historical emissions according to carbon producing entities themselves. Heede concludes that nearly two-thirds of carbon dioxide emitted since the 1750s can be traced to the 90 largest fossil fuel and cement producers, most of which still operate today.

"This article tracks the creation and maintenance of markets for emission rights and the role that law-creation plays within this process. From a recent example of a market creation -the European Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS)-, insights will be gained about the intrinsic and fundamental connections between market creation and bureaucratization. This process unfolds in a paradoxical way: The free-market hypothesis is, in fact, creating a demand for regulation, administration, and control. Law creation that is informed by the free-market hy-pothesis (the Law and Economics School in general, the EU Directive as a specific case), separates the "inside of the market" from the "outside of the market". This, firstly, causes a need for extra-administration at the "outside of the market" in order to resolve the uncertainty that emanates from the self-imposed requirement of leaving "the market itself" unregulated. And it, secondly, exposes the "rational actor" to an open and uncertain situation, which then leads to private regulative and administrative attempts at the "inside of the market". (author's abstract)

The anthropogenic emission of GHG especially CO has to be limited and reduced due to 2 their impact on global warming and climate change. Combustion of fossil fuels in the energy sector has a dominant share in total GHG emissions. In order to reduce GHG emission, European Union established a scheme for GHG allowance trading within the community, and the implementation of the European Union emission trading scheme, which is a key to GHG reduction in a cost-effective way. An important part of emission trading scheme is prescribed methodology for monitoring, reporting, and verification of the emission of GHG including characterization of the local fuels combusted by the energy sector. This paper presents lignite characteristics from open-pit mine Borovica- Pljevlja, which has highest coal production in Montenegro (>1.2 Mt per year), including evaluation of its carbon emission factor based on the laboratory analysis of 72 coal samples. Testing of the samples included proximate and ultimate analysis, as well as, net calorific value determination. In accordance with the obtained results, linear correlations between net calorific value and combustible matter content, carbon content and combustible matter content, hydrogen content and combustible matter content, carbon content and net calorific value, were established. Finally, the non-linear analytical correlation between carbon emission factor and net calorific value for Pljevlja lignite was proposed, as a base for the precise calculation of CO emission evaluation.

China has the largest number of industrial parks in the world. These parks are not only crucial for the country to accelerate industrialization but also to achieve its climate change targets. Constructing CO 2 emission inventories for industrial parks is the first step in analysing the park's emission patterns and designing low-carbon policies. However, most of the previous emission accounts for industrial parks adopted various scopes and methodologies, making them incomparable with each other. This study develops a self-consistent methodology and framework for China's industrial parks based on enterprise-level data. We consider both Scope 1 and 2 emissions and construct the inventories by 19 energy types and 39 industrial sectors, which are consistent with the existing national, provincial, and city-level emission inventories. Such sectoral-based emission inventories will be not only able to provide data support for the design of emission/energy control policies, but also help the central/local governments evaluate a park's emission reduction performance. Finally, an empirical study is applied to four industrial parks to verify the method. In addition, we review the eco-industrial park programmes in Japan and South Korea, as well as their emissions accounting framework. We find that most of the Japanese industrial parks provide Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions, while for South Korea, parks mostly focus on Scope 1 emissions. The discussion of Japan and South Korea's eco-industrial parks have referential significance for the construction China's low-carbon parks.