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While the effects of non-geographic aggregation on inference are well studied in economics, research on geographic aggregation is rather scarce. This knowledge gap together with the use of aggregated spatial units in previous firm location studies result in a lack of understanding of firm location determinants at the microgeographic level. Suitable data for microgeographic location analysis has become available only recently through the emergence of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), especially the OpenStreetMap (OSM) project, and the increasing availability of official (open) geodata. In this paper, we use a comprehensive dataset of three million street-level geocoded firm observations to explore the location pattern of software firms in an Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA). Based on the ESDA results, we develop a software firm location prediction model using Poisson regression and OSM data. Our findings demonstrate that the model yields plausible predictions and OSM data is suitable for microgeographic location analysis. Our results also show that non-aggregated data can be used to detect information on location determinants, which are superimposed when aggregated spatial units are analysed, and that some findings of previous firm location studies are not robust at the microgeographic level. However, we also conclude that the lack of high-resolution geodata on socio-economic population characteristics causes systematic prediction errors, especially in cities with diverse and segregated populations.

The rising number of UAS operations in the European airspace poses a safety issue. The key problem is to ensure safe drone traffic management and their integration into the existing air traffic environment. Thus, risk assessment becomes an integral part of every UAS operation and its automation is of great importance when dealing with growing numbers of flights. There exist many attempts to support such risk assessment, but an optimal solution is yet to be found. This paper presents a prototype of a web application, which automates strategic risk assessment of open and specific UAS operations in Austria with the use of open government geodata. Risk assessment results are visualized on a map, showing spatial distribution of classified risks in the operational area. This prototype is the first attempt to combine the functions of a "drone map" representing relevant geodata and a questionnaire usually used to support specific operation risk assessment. There is a potential to turn it into a tool which is used to create a comprehensive pre-flight safety portfolio or to support the automatic risk assessment performed by a UTM before a UAS operation is checked in. Simplifying the creation of safety portfolios and automating UAS operation risk assessment are important factors in promoting a wider and safer use of UAS.

The rising number of UAS operations in the European airspace poses a safety issue. The key problem is to ensure safe drone traffic management and their integration into the existing air traffic environment. Thus, risk assessment becomes an integral part of every UAS operation and its automation is of great importance when dealing with growing numbers of flights. There exist many attempts to support such risk assessment, but an optimal solution is yet to be found. This paper presents a prototype of a web application, which automates strategic risk assessment of open and specific UAS operations in Austria with the use of open government geodata. Risk assessment results are visualized on a map, showing spatial distribution of classified risks in the operational area. This prototype is the first attempt to combine the functions of a "drone map" representing relevant geodata and a questionnaire usually used to support specific operation risk assessment. There is a potential to turn it into a tool which is used to create a comprehensive pre-flight safety portfolio or to support the automatic risk assessment performed by a UTM before a UAS operation is checked in. Simplifying the creation of safety portfolios and automating UAS operation risk assessment are important factors in promoting a wider and safer use of UAS.

Numerous constraints affect the design of long linear infrastructures such as high-voltage transmission lines (HVTL): terrain slope, distances to urban centers or protected areas, stakeholders, administration, etc. These constraints must be studied as a whole to make the most appropriate decisions. In HVTL project development, a large volume of geodata is generated and analyzed in the project lifecycle. Each geodata scale is associated with a phase of the project and scale transitions correspond to changes in involved technical teams. Geodesign provides design frameworks and supporting technologies, so that professionals can share data and find designs suitable to the sustainability characteristics of each territory. This article proposes a geodesign workflow for developing HVTL projects, supported by methodologies and by automated model executions that guarantee the traceability of its development through the lifecycle stages. The aim is to minimize environmental, social, and local impacts, while providing stakeholders with tools for planning and decision-making. The workflow helps to integrate the geodesign&rsquo ; s principles, harmonizing corporate procedures throughout the project phases, taking into consideration constraints notified by stakeholders, through a design process guided by feedback-iteration- consensus mechanisms. As a result, it produces a transparent, visible, and improved participative workflow for developing new electric infrastructures.

Open Data, and Open Government Data, are proving to be an important resource for the economic development inside the domain where information has a key role (Carrara et al., 2015). Although, different practices for data publishing have led to misalignment, underuse and repetition of information (Bizer et al., 2011). For this reason, the Public Administrations have undergone efforts on integrating the information and promoting interoperability through the implementation of best practices, as for example, the use of a common semantics vocabulary for the metadata (DCAT) as proposed by the ISA2 programme of the European Commission. The Interreg Italy-Switzerland GIOCOnDA project has been proposed for enhancing the data sharing processes in the cross-border area, particularly addressing tourism and mobility that are key economic activities for the region. For this work, a review on the data catalogues published in dati.lombardia.it and opendata.swiss is presented. The revision of the datasets showed the need for: 1) defining common semantics for the description of the categories of data to avoid the arbitrary use of vocabularies, and 2) adopting standards for the description of geodata. On the other hand, it was observed the potential to gather existing information to produce geodata querying the datasets with specific keywords that can provide spatial information. Open data, as well as the use of best practices for publishing data, push towards the use of FOSS. In this work, Python has been exploited to analyse the content of the catalogues to access web portals resources.

Open Data, and Open Government Data, are proving to be an important resource for the economic development inside the domain where information has a key role (Carrara et al., 2015). Although, different practices for data publishing have led to misalignment, underuse and repetition of information (Bizer et al., 2011). For this reason, the Public Administrations have undergone efforts on integrating the information and promoting interoperability through the implementation of best practices, as for example, the use of a common semantics vocabulary for the metadata (DCAT) as proposed by the ISA2 programme of the European Commission. The Interreg Italy-Switzerland GIOCOnDA project has been proposed for enhancing the data sharing processes in the cross-border area, particularly addressing tourism and mobility that are key economic activities for the region. For this work, a review on the data catalogues published in dati.lombardia.it and opendata.swiss is presented. The revision of the datasets showed the need for: 1) defining common semantics for the description of the categories of data to avoid the arbitrary use of vocabularies, and 2) adopting standards for the description of geodata. On the other hand, it was observed the potential to gather existing information to produce geodata querying the datasets with specific keywords that can provide spatial information. Open data, as well as the use of best practices for publishing data, push towards the use of FOSS. In this work, Python has been exploited to analyse the content of the catalogues to access web portals resources.

Background: Preventive and health-promoting policies can guide (place- and space-specific) factors influencing human health, such as the physical and social environment. Required is data that can lead to a more nuanced decision-making process and identify both existing and future challenges. Along with the rise of new technologies, and thus the multiple opportunities to use and process data, new options have emerged to measure and monitor factors that affect health. Thus, in recent years, several gateways for open data (including governmental and geospatial data) have become available. At present, an increasing number of research institutions as well as (state and private) companies and citizens' initiatives are providing data. However, there is a lack of overviews covering the range of such offerings regarding health. In particular, for geographically differentiated analyses, there are challenges related to data availability at different spatial levels and the growing number of data providers.Objectives: This paper aims to provide an overview of open data resources available in the context of space and health to date. It also describes the technical and legal conditions for using open data.Results: An up-to-date summary of results including information on relevant data access and terms of use is provided along with a web visualization. All data is available for further use under an open license. ; Hintergrund: Präventive und gesundheitsförderliche politische Maßnahmen können (raumspezifische) Einflussfaktoren auf die menschliche Gesundheit, wie z.B. die der physischen und sozialen Umwelt, steuern. Grundlage sind Daten, die zu einer nuancierten Entscheidungsfindung führen und sowohl existierende als auch zukünftige Herausforderungen identifizieren können. Mit der Einführung neuer Technologien und damit der vielfältigen Möglichkeiten zur Nutzung und Weiterverarbeitung von Daten haben sich neue Möglichkeiten ergeben, Faktoren, die sich auf die Gesundheit auswirken, zu messen und monitorieren. So sind in den ...

Определяется роль и место геопространственных данных в системах информационного обеспечения органов государственного управления. Рассматриваются современные технологии представления и интеграции разнородных геоданных, обосновываются их основные недостатки. Описывается метод интеграции разнородных геопространственных данных на основе концепции метаданных в современных автоматизированных межвидовых системах информационного обеспечения и взаимодействия, преодолевающий указанные недостатки. ; The role and place of geospatial data in information support systems for governmental bodies is defined. Modern technologies of representation and integration of heterogeneous geodata are considered, their main limitations are justified. The method of integration of heterogeneous geospatial data according to the concept of metadata in modern automated interoperable systems for interaction and information support, which overcomes the above limitations, is described.

The paper describes the current state of agent-based modeling of geographical space and spatial economic systems. We explore reasons why this approach to modeling spatial phenomena is of particular interest. Agent-based models (ABMs) allow accounting for agents' spatial heterogeneity, the existing structure of the space, locality of interactions between agents. A survey of approaches to introducing space into the models and examples of the existing spatial models is presented. There is a great variety of spatial ABMs, but they relate predominantly to the local and city level, rather than to the economy as a whole. Spatial ABMs at the level of large regions and countries are not yet sufficiently developed, but have good prospects in the future. With increasing availability of geodata and technological development in general the number of applications and coverage of spatial ABM will grow

The main aim of the eGovernment programme in the Czech Republic is to enhance the efficiency of public administration. The Digital Map of Public Administration (DMVS) should be composed of digital orthophotographs of the Czech Republic, digital and digitised cadastral maps, digital purpose cadastral map (ÚKM) and a technical map of municipality, if available. The DMVS project is a part of computerisation of public administration in the Czech Republic. The project enhances the productivity of government administration and also simplifies the processes between citizens and public administration. The DMVS project, that should be compliant with the INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community) initiative, generates definite demand for geodata on the level of detail of land data model. The user needs that are clearly specified and required are not met due to inconsistencies in terminology, data management and level of detail.

Prior to 1950, there was very limited mapping in Australia covering only strategic areas. After World War II, the Federal Government funded the small scale mapping of the whole country. This involved the development of the Australian National Spheroid in 1966, the Australian Geodetic Datum in 1966 and 1984 (AGD66 and AGD84) which were replaced by the Australian Geocentric Datum in 1994 (GDA94). The mapping of the country was completed in 1987 with 100 % of the country mapped at 1:100,000 and 1:250,000 although about half of the 1:100,000 are unpublished products. The Federal Government through Geoscience Australia continues to provide digital data, such as the GEODATA 250K (now series 3). Mapping at larger scales is undertaken by the states and territories, including cadastral mapping. This paper will demonstrate the extent of mapping in Australia as part of the current UN global survey of mapping.

Prior to 1950, there was very limited mapping in Australia covering only strategic areas. After World War II, the Federal Government funded the small scale mapping of the whole country. This involved the development of the Australian National Spheroid in 1966, the Australian Geodetic Datum in 1966 and 1984 (AGD66 and AGD84) which were replaced by the Australian Geocentric Datum in 1994 (GDA94). The mapping of the country was completed in 1987 with 100 % of the country mapped at 1:100,000 and 1:250,000 although about half of the 1:100,000 are unpublished products. The Federal Government through Geoscience Australia continues to provide digital data, such as the GEODATA 250K (now series 3). Mapping at larger scales is undertaken by the states and territories, including cadastral mapping. This paper will demonstrate the extent of mapping in Australia as part of the current UN global survey of mapping.

The main aim of the eGovernment programme in the Czech Republic is to enhance the efficiency of public administration. The Digital Map of Public Administration (DMVS) should be composed of digital orthophotographs of the Czech Republic, digital and digitised cadastral maps, digital purpose cadastral map (ÚKM) and a technical map of municipality, if available. The DMVS project is a part of computerisation of public administration in the Czech Republic. The project enhances the productivity of government administration and also simplifies the processes between citizens and public administration. The DMVS project, that should be compliant with the INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community) initiative, generates definite demand for geodata on the level of detail of land data model. The user needs that are clearly specified and required are not met due to inconsistencies in terminology, data management and level of detail.