Suchergebnisse

In this paper an expert system for environmental impact assessment, known as the EIA-system, is presented. This system provides advice for hydropower development and river regulation projects. It is based on a method used for assessing the impact that hydropower development and river regulation will have on the environment, called the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Method (Strömquist & Tatham, 1992). Knowledge relating to the entire project is required with this method to enable a stepwise approach to be adopted for the assessment. Since people in developing countries lack knowledge about the impact a project will have on the environment, as well as expertise and resources, an expert system should be invaluable to assist the end users in their decision-making regarding the impact hydropower development and river regulation projects will have. The EIA-system was developed to provide advisory and educational support for end users using the EIA method within developing countries. The system has to be appealing to use and, moreover, it must motivate the users to utilise it and thereby the EIA method within political settings disinterested in environmental concerns. Furthermore, the system needs to be useable and comprehensible to the end users. To realise these requirements, a logic programming language was utilised together with hypermedia technology. Briefly, the logic programming language formalises the domain knowledge and the inference mechanism. The hypermedia technology used a multimedia system to constitute the user interface and to convey domain specific information and explanation facilities.

ABSTRACTIn this article, we study how an expert system affects novice problem solving in a financial risk analysis domain. We demonstrate that novice performance is improved after exposure to an expert system. Further, we show that novice performance continues to improve when the system is withdrawn. By comparing learning curves for people with exposure to those without, we can assess how much the system has benefitted its users. We demonstrate a quantitative methodology to measure the increment of learning due to the use of an information technology. We also explore the issue of how expertise is transferred from the system to the user.

ABSTRACTExpert systems offer promise for decision‐making support in stressful circumstances such as those that occur when law enforcement officials respond to hostage‐taking incidents. These are life‐or‐death situations in which the costs of decision error are enormous.This paper reports on an expert system being developed and tested to aid police decision makers in hostage‐taking incidents. Knowledge is represented by rules embedded in an incident‐based decision‐tree network. Four different decision makers who have similar but distinct information needs are supported and their efforts are coordinated by the system, which must function in real time as the crisis unfolds. Clear, concise, highly focused dialogue is required at the user interface since frequently only seconds are available in which to make a decision and implement it.

Land fragmentation is one of the main obstacles to sustainable agricultural and rural development. The main goal of sustainable agriculture development is the production of food by the synergy of economic, social and ecological requirements. The ineffective and defective legislation and even its complete absence have led to land degradation globally. The most adaptable and globally recognized method that has the effect to solve the existing land fragmentation and to prevent the trend of even more intensive land fragmentation is the method of land consolidation. Land consolidation is carried out in a way that each participant in the process of land consolidation gets new land of equal value, with land value reduction for general and common needs of settlements and participants of consolidation. The value of the land included in consolidation process is determined and shown in land consolidation assessment which is conducted by land classification in the defined classes, and the value in the land consolidation evaluation is shown in the estimation units. The estimation unit is the relative relation between the exemplar cadastral parcel and the cadastral parcel which need to be valued, taking into account all the relevant factors that can affect the land valuation. This paper proposes a model of land classification in the evaluation classes based on the Fuzzy Logic Method. The paper aims to develop an expert system that would improve and optimize the process of relative valuation of agricultural land as one of the critical steps in the implementation of the land consolidation. The proposed expert system would provide effective support in conducting the negotiation procedures and planning of land consolidation implementation with the involvement of different stakeholder groups with different requirements and wishes. The model will be validated for agricultural land on the island of Hvar in the Split-Dalmatia County.