Дар маыола сухан оид ба масоили ьамкориьои ьарбц-техникии Русия ва Тожикистон, вазъияти љорї, самтњо ва дурнамои ин њамкорињо меравад. Тожикистон бо захираьои щании табиц ва гидроэнергетикц диыыати давлатьои манотиыи дигарро ба худ жалб мекунад. Ьамкорц дар соьаи мудофиа ба жумьурц имконият медиьад то худро аз хатари беруна эмин дорад. Ьамкории Тожикистон бо Русия аз р=и 170 шартномаьо ва созишномаьо ба танзим дароварда мешавад, ки то имр=з фаъолияти оньо дар соьаи техникаи ьарбц низ мустањкам идома дорад. ; In this article is considered the problem of military and technical cooperation between Russia and Republic of Tajikistan. Tajikistan is rich with natural resources and hydro energetic resources. Cooperation in the sphere of defense gives possibility to protect itself from outside danger. Tajikistan's cooperation with Russia according 170 treaties and agreements which is valid till now are vividly shown in this article.
Lusíada. Política internacional e segurança. - ISSN 1647-1342. - S. 1, n. 8 (2013). - p. 51-70. ; Energy security is a subject that concerns all the Europeans. More and more the access to the energetic resources is part of the geostrategic concerns of the nations. Europe, very needed of energy, presently depends largely on Russia provisions. The diversification of the energy sources must continue to have a high priority in the preoccupations of Europe. Will the land route through the Asia Minor be or not one of the options to decrease the stress of Russia over the energetic needs of the European community? To make viable this type of facilities the role of Turkey inside the European Union is inescapable. Being so, will Europe prefer to go under an era of austerity and almost monopolistic dependency from Russia, or will Europe accept Turkey in its club, therefore easily acceding to the energy sources of Middle East and the Caspian basin, while, at the same time, enlarging the European borders up to areas of endemic security weaknesses?
Work engagement refers to an active energetic state of mind that is characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption. Despite practitioner's attention for work engagement, few public administration scholars have studied public servants' work engagement empirically. The goal of this study is to extend the job demands–resources (JD-R) model of work engagement using insights from the public administration literature. The analysis of a large-scale survey ( N = 9,465) shows that (a) work and personal resources, including public service motivation, are positively related to work engagement; (b) red tape moderates these relationships; and (c) work engagement mediates the relationship between JD-R and job outcomes. In conclusion, public organizations can potentially increase work engagement and inherently employee outcomes by increasing work-related resources (autonomy, cooperation with colleagues) and selecting personnel with a proactive personality and high levels of public service motivation.
Acknowledgments We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFNCNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwide. ; Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb−1 of s√=8 TeV data collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT>120 GeV and no leptons. Nine signal regions are considered with increasing missing transverse momentum requirements between EmissT>150 GeV and EmissT>700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model expectations. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with either large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates, or production of very light gravitinos in a gauge-mediated supersymmetric model. In addition, limits on the production of an invisibly decaying Higgs-like boson leading to similar topologies in the final state are presented. ; ANPCyT ; YerPhI, Armenia ; Australian Research Council ; BMWFW, Austria ; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) ; Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS) ; SSTC, Belarus ; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) ; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) ; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada ; NRC, Canada ; Canada Foundation for Innovation ; CERN ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Ministry of Science and Technology, China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias ; Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic Czech Republic Government ; DNRF, Denmark ; Danish Natural Science Research Council ; Lundbeckfonden ; European Union (EU) European Research Council (ERC) ; European Union (EU) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; CEA-DSM/IRFU, France ; GNSF, Georgia ; Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) ; German Research Foundation (DFG) ; HGF, Germany ; Max Planck Society ; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT ; NSRF, Greece ; Hong Kong Research Grants Council ; Israel Science Foundation ; MINERVA, Israel ; German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development ; I-CORE, Israel ; Benoziyo Center, Israel ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) ; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science ; CNRST, Morocco ; FOM (The Netherlands) Netherlands Government ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands Government ; BRF, Norway ; RCN, Norway ; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland ; NCN, Poland ; GRICES, Portugal ; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology ; MNE/IFA, Romania ; MES of Russia ; NRC KI, Russian Federation ; JINR ; MSTD, Serbia ; MSSR, Slovakia ; Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia ; MIZS, Slovenia ; DST/NRF, South Africa ; MINECO, Spain ; SRC, Sweden ; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden ; SER, Switzerland ; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) ; Canton of Bern, Switzerland ; Canton of Geneva, Switzerland ; National Science Council of Taiwan ; Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey ; Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ; Royal Society of London ; Leverhulme Trust ; United States Department of Energy (DOE) ; National Science Foundation (NSF) ; CEA-DSM/IRFU, France GNSF, Georgia Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) German Research Foundation (DFG) HGF, Germany Max Planck Society Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT NSRF, Greece Hong Kong Research Grants Council Israel Science Foundation MINERVA, Israel German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development I-CORE, Israel Benoziyo Center, Israel Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science CNRST, Morocco FOM (The Netherlands) Netherlands Government Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands Government BRF, Norway RCN, Norway Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland NCN, Poland GRICES, Portugal Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology MNE/IFA, Romania MES of Russia NRC KI, Russian Federation JINR MSTD, Serbia MSSR, Slovakia Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia MIZS, Slovenia DST/NRF, South Africa MINECO, Spain SRC, Sweden Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden SER, Switzerland Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Canton of Bern, Switzerland Canton of Geneva, Switzerland National Science Council of Taiwan Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) Royal Society of London Leverhulme Trust United States Department of Energy (DOE) National Science Foundation (NSF)
We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT,Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council,CANARIE, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwide. ; Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1 at √s=13 TeV collected in 2015 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events are required to have at least one jet with a transverse momentum above 250 GeV and no leptons. Several signal regions are considered with increasing missing-transverse-momentum requirements between EmissT>250 GeV and EmissT>700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model predictions. The results are translated into exclusion limits in models with large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark-matter candidates, and the production of supersymmetric particles in several compressed scenarios ; ANPCyT ; YerPhI, Armenia ; Australian Research Council ; BMWFW, Austria ; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) ; Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS) ; SSTC, Belarus ; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) ; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) ; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada ; NRC, Canada ; Canada Foundation for Innovation ; CERN ; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Ministry of Science and Technology, China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias ; Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic Czech Republic Government ; DNRF, Denmark ; Danish Natural Science Research Council ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; CEA-DSM/IRFU, France ; GNSF, Georgia ; Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) ; HGF, Germany ; Max Planck Society ; Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT ; RGC, China ; Hong Kong SAR, China ; Israel Science Foundation ; I-CORE, Israel ; Benoziyo Center, Israel ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) ; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science ; CNRST, Morocco ; FOM (The Netherlands) Netherlands Government ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands Government ; RCN, Norway ; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland ; NCN, Poland ; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology ; MNE/IFA, Romania ; Russian Federation ; NRC KI, Russian Federation ; JINR ; MESTD, Serbia ; MSSR, Slovakia ; Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia ; MIZS, Slovenia ; DST/NRF, South Africa ; MINECO, Spain ; SRC, Sweden ; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden ; SERI, Switzerland ; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) ; Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland ; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan ; Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey ; United States Department of Energy (DOE) ; National Science Foundation (NSF) ; BCKDF, Canada ; Canada Council, Canada ; CANARIE, Canada ; CRC, Canada ; Compute Canada, Canada ; FQRNT ; Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada ; European Union (EU) ; European Union (EU) European Research Council (ERC) ; French National Research Agency (ANR) ; Region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes ; Fondation Partager le Savoir, France ; German Research Foundation (DFG) ; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; Herakleitos ; Thales ; Aristeia programmes ; Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT ; US-Israel Binational Science Foundation ; German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development ; Minerva, Israel ; BRF, Norway ; Generalitat de Catalunya ; Generalitat Valenciana ; Royal Society of London ; Leverhulme Trust ; Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ATLAS ST/L000997/1 PP/E000444/1 ST/L003449/1 ST/J004804/1 ST/N000307/1 GRIDPP ST/K001329/1 ATLAS 1366825 ST/J005533/1 ST/L006162/1 ST/N000463/1 ST/M000753/1 ST/K001329/1 ; ICREA
AbstractAnaerobic and membrane technologies are a promising combination to decrease the energy consumption associated with wastewater treatment, allowing the recovery of resources: organic matter as biomethane, nutrient assimilation by microalgae and reclaimed water. In this study, domestic wastewater was treated using a combination of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket sludge reactor (UASB) and a membrane photobioreactor (MPBR). The outdoor facilities were operated continuously for three months under unfavourable environmental conditions such as lack of temperature control, winter season with lower solar irradiation and lower daylight hours which was a challenge for the present work, not previously described. The energetic valorisation of the organic matter present in the wastewater by biomethane produced in the UASB would contribute to reducing overall facilities' energy requirements. The ultrafiltration (UF) membrane facilitated the harvesting of biomass, operating at 10 L·h−1·m−2 during the experimental period. Although the main contribution to fouling was irreversible, chemical cleanings were not necessary due to effective fouling control, which prevented the final TMP from exceeding 25 kPa. In addition, microalgae-bacterial consortium developed without prior inoculation were harvested from the MPBR using membrane assistance. The obtained biomass was also successfully tested as a biostimulant for corn germination/growth, as well as a biopesticide against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum. Graphical abstract
Besides being promoting globalization with Chinese characteristics, with the Belt and Road Initiative as an epitome, Xi Jinping's contemporary China has tried to dominate its regional insertion area and namely Southeast Asia, which is economically and politically organized in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Both China and ASEAN have convergent economic and strategic interests in the South China Sea, whose wealth in energetic resources and fisheries is at the origin of a sovereignty dispute. In addition to this, around one-third of world trade passes through this sea. In this confluence of sea-lanes, naval powers are being measured and it is a scenario for the competitive coexistence China- United States of America, whose influence in Southeast Asia dates from Cold War, where the United States navy capabilities are being tested. In these circumstances – which can be described as a new Great Game –, not only ASEAN does not solve its problems in the South China Sea but also will be positioned in between Chinese and North- American pressures.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between elements of the JD-R Model in a sample of teachers from the Republic of Serbia. The sample consisted of 119 teachers who have been working in primary and secondary schools. Work overload was measured by the Workload Scale (Shirom et al., 2010), emotional demands and social support of chiefs were examined by appropriate parts of the Questionnaire on the Experience and Assessment of Work (Van Veldhoven & Meijman, 1994), burnout at work was measured using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), engagement was tested by the UWES - Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2004). The results showed statistically significant correlations between work overload, on the one hand, and burnout (r = .570, p <0.01), job engagement (r = -. 291, p <0.01), on the other hand. Correlations were also established between emotional demands, on the one hand, and burnout (r = .513, p <0.01), job engagement (r = -. 185, p <0.05), on the other hand. Statistically significant correlations were found between peer support, on the one hand, and burnout (r = -. 253, p <0.01), job engagement (r = .290, p <0.01) on the other hand. Correlations between support of chiefs, on the one hand, and burnout (r = -. 304, p <0.01), job engagement (r = .156, p <0.05) were also established on the other hand. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between burnout and job engagement (r = -. 598, p <0.01). The results confirmed the assumptions of the JD-R model: 1. an energetic process of wearing out in which high job demands (work overload and emotional demands) exhaust employees' mental and physical resources, therefore, lead to burnout; and 2. a motivational process in which job resources (social support of colleagues and chiefs) foster work engagement.
Despite longstanding interest in the work-life interplay, little research exists exploring the role of non-work/non-family related stressors (i.e., hassles) on work processes and how individuals may cope with such stressors. In this paper, we test the effects of hassles on counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs). Drawing on the work-home resources model, we propose that the experience of hassles contributes to higher levels of CWBs by depleting energetic resources which leads to emotional exhaustion. Further, we suggest that mindfulness serves as a protective resource that can buffer against engagement in CWBs associated with exhaustion. We employ three studies—first a pilot study using an experience sampling method design ( N = 205) to explore within-person variation in the proposed relationships. We next conduct a construct validation study of the non-work/non-family hassles construct ( N = 293), and then utilize this validated scale in our third study which was a time-lagged, between-person study ( N = 161). Analyses generally support our predictions that the indirect effect of hassles on CWBs through emotional exhaustion is contingent on mindfulness such that it is stronger when individuals are less mindful. Together, these findings suggest that individuals who experience more hassles feel higher levels of exhaustion, making them more susceptible to engaging in negative behaviors at work. Higher levels of mindfulness, however, play a protective role in deterring individuals from acting out their negative feelings in counterproductive ways.
This world system -- Systems networks and metabolism -- Energy laws and maximum power -- Energy hierarchy and natural value -- Energy and planet earth -- Energy and ecosystems -- Empower basis for society -- Structure, information, and evolution -- Energy and economics -- Energetic organization of society -- Energetic basis for religion -- Partnership with nature -- Climax and descent
For years we have been developing several research projects in the field of environmental history, paying special attention to studies on environmental conflict. This look towards the resistance in defense of the territories, assumed by NGOs, researchers, academics but, in a special way, civil society that suffers the impact of industrial processes. The set of extractive activities carried out by industrial consortiums with the permissiveness of governments has consequences on the living and health conditions of the population as a whole. The historical processes of colonial appropriation of natural and energetic resources, at the service of a voracious capitalism or in its Chinese side, have turned each human activity into a new commodity. Extracting, Appropriating and Circulating energy and matter on a global scale has enormous consequences on the local population as well as on the structures of Metabolic Systems/Processes and sustainability on a global scale. Methodologically we use the tools provided by the EJOLT project (www.ejolt.org) to apply it in a decolonial key and proceed to apply the research in non-Eurocentric contexts. With this article we laid the foundations of research in the field of political ecology on environmental conflicts, putting as a novelty the application of research in the field of Asian studies, in its most innovative aspect as is the case of Korea. ; For years we have been developing several research projects in the field of environmental history, paying special attention to studies on environmental conflict. This look towards the resistance in defense of the territories, assumed by NGOs, researchers, academics but, in a special way, civil society that suffers the impact of industrial processes. The set of extractive activities carried out by industrial consortiums with the permissiveness of governments has consequences on the living and health conditions of the population as a whole. The historical processes of colonial appropriation of natural and energetic resources, at the service of a voracious capitalism or in its Chinese side, have turned each human activity into a new commodity. Extracting, Appropriating and Circulating energy and matter on a global scale has enormous consequences on the local population as well as on the structures of Metabolic Systems/Processes and sustainability on a global scale. Methodologically we use the tools provided by the EJOLT project (www.ejolt.org) to apply it in a decolonial key and proceed to apply the research in non-Eurocentric contexts. With this article we laid the foundations of research in the field of political ecology on environmental conflicts, putting as a novelty the application of research in the field of Asian studies, in its most innovative aspect as is the case of Korea.
Este documento tiene como objetivo analizar las contradicciones e inflexiones en las relaciones diplomáticas y comerciales de Venezuela con los Estados Unidos y Colombia. Con respecto a las relaciones entre Estados Unidos y Venezuela, nos damos cuenta de que a lo largo del siglo XX han cambiado profundamente, representando un período posterior a la Guerra Fría, una verdadera inflexión. En general, Venezuela fue un actor internacional importante por su activismo en materia de Política Exterior y por sus recursos energéticos, siendo también una pieza importante para la estabilidad regional. Los lazos económicos con los Estados Unidos son, en gran medida, una consecuencia de la considerable demanda de energía de la primera potencia industrial en el planeta durante todo el siglo XX y el hecho de que Venezuela no solo es un importante productor de petróleo, sino un exportador de la mayoría de su producción ; The focus of this works is to analyze the contradictions and inflexions of the diplomatic and commercial relations of Venezuela with The United States and Colombia. In regard of Venezuelan and U.S relations is possible to see that throughout the XX century they changed profoundly, representing a truly inflexion period with the pos-cold war era. Generally, Venezuela was an important international actor because of its external politics activism and also its energetic resources, being an important piece for the regional stability. The economic bonds with the United States are, in great part, a consequence of the Great Industrial Potency considerable energetic demand in the XX century and the fact that Venezuela is not just a great oil producer but also a great exporter.
Straddling four sovereign states, long time oppressed and subject of the worst atrocities which modern history has ever known, the Kurdish population makes news again in the hectic region of the Middle East and even at an international level.By the plurality of its communities and especially in the absence of a common regional Kurdish movement, the Kurdish conflict is now referred to as atransnational matter. Thus, in this rhythm, the Kurdish Government in Erbil is already emerging as a key element for the regional peace, and will, probably, find himself among the most powerful nations in the Middle East, thanks to his huge energetic resources, in the upcoming years. ; À cheval sur quatre États souverains, très longtemps opprimé et sujet des pires atrocités que l'histoire moderne n'ait jamais connu, la population kurde fait de nouveau parler d'elle dans la région mouvementée du Moyen-Orient, voire même au niveau international. De par la pluralité de ses communautés et surtout en l'absence d'un mouvement régional kurde commun, le conflit kurde est désormais qualifié de transnational. En effet, le Gouvernement Régional du Kurdistan est déjà en train de s'imposer comme étant un élément pacificateur régional incontournable, et ce grâce à ses ressources énormes en matières d'hydrocarbures.
Straddling four sovereign states, long time oppressed and subject of the worst atrocities which modern history has ever known, the Kurdish population makes news again in the hectic region of the Middle East and even at an international level.By the plurality of its communities and especially in the absence of a common regional Kurdish movement, the Kurdish conflict is now referred to as atransnational matter. Thus, in this rhythm, the Kurdish Government in Erbil is already emerging as a key element for the regional peace, and will, probably, find himself among the most powerful nations in the Middle East, thanks to his huge energetic resources, in the upcoming years. ; À cheval sur quatre États souverains, très longtemps opprimé et sujet des pires atrocités que l'histoire moderne n'ait jamais connu, la population kurde fait de nouveau parler d'elle dans la région mouvementée du Moyen-Orient, voire même au niveau international. De par la pluralité de ses communautés et surtout en l'absence d'un mouvement régional kurde commun, le conflit kurde est désormais qualifié de transnational. En effet, le Gouvernement Régional du Kurdistan est déjà en train de s'imposer comme étant un élément pacificateur régional incontournable, et ce grâce à ses ressources énormes en matières d'hydrocarbures.
At the moment the most important question is climate change repression and the provision of energy in the world. The rate of the alternative energetic use has strongly increased in the last decade of 20th century. In 23rd of 2009 the European Parliament and the Council accepted the directive 2009/28/EB for encouragement to use renewing resource energy. According to this directive, Lithuania has to warrant that renewing resource energy part in the final general energy consumption would be not less than 23% in 2020. The perspective energy resource types for making the electric energy are water and wind energy in Lithuania. The inventory of the alternative energy somehow affects the environment. Visually the wind, water and the sun energetic objects from all others alternative energetic objects mostly affects the environment. In this article there are analyzed Western Lithuania present and future alternative energetic objects, their possible visual effect on environment and implements to reduce the negative effect. There were used methods of photo-fixation, visual assessment of objects, measurement, distribution of objects and comparative analysis.
