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This study, written in the context of its first publication in 1970, discusses and documents the invasion of privacy by the corporation and the social institution in the search for efficiency in information processing. Discussing areas such as the impact of the computer on administration, privacy and the storage on information, the authors assess the technical and social feasibility of constructing integrated data banks to cover the details of populations. The book was hugely influential both in terms of scholarship and legislation, and the years following saw the introduction of the Data Prot

This article discusses methods of organizing and checking administrative data banks to increase their usefulness for research and evaluation. Examples are drawn from the studies using the Manitoba Health Services Commission data bank. The various uses of both manual and computerized checks are explained. A problem profile is presented for the Manitoba data bank; this profile summarizes different specific problems, incor porating new threats to internal validity associated with the use of data banks. The improvements in data collection represented by data banks are discussed in terms of developing multiple control group designs.

The existing data protection laws hinder the efficient use and combination of "big" (anonymized, clinic-owned) and "small" (non-anonymized, individually owned) health data. We suggest a framework to make the combination of big and small health data in an individualized health data bank possible and acceptable to patients, health care providers, politicians, and the public at large. Such an infrastructure is needed for the inclusion of real life health outcome measures for determining the effects of treatments.

Wonderfull many places, in the Ciuile law, require an expert Arithmeticien, to vnderstand the deepe Iudgment, & Iust determinatiô of the Auncient Romaine Lawmakers. But much more expert ought he to be, who should be hable, to decide with æquitie, the infinite varietie of Cases, which do, or may happen, under every one of those lawes and ordinances Ciuile. Hereby, easely, ye may now coniecture: that in the Canon law; and in the laws of the Realme (which with vs, beare the chief Authoritie), Iustice and equity might be greatly preferred, and skilfully executed, through due skill of Arithmetike, and proportions appertainyng.John Dee The Mathematical Præface to the Elements of Geometrie of Euclid of Megara (1570), at [12].

Volume II is divided into ten sections, covering (a) provinces, districts and land tenure, (b) administration and development, (c) demography, (d) rainfall and natural regions, (e) water resources and water development, (f) agriculture, (g) commercial activity, (h) infrastructure, (i) services and (j) bibliography on rural development in Rhodesia/Zimbabwe. In each section the data are presented in either maps, charts or tables depending on what is most appropriate. (DÜI-Hff)

This article attempts to illustrate the use of computer databanks in history by examining the Medieval and Early Modern Data Bank (MEMDB). The Medieval and Early Modern Data Bank, of which both an on-line version and a CD-ROM are under construction, will contain an expanding collection of historical monetary, price and wage data, concentrating on the geographical area of the Low Countries, France, England and north-west Germany in the period 800-1800. MEMDB has European offices in Leiden and Brussels. Since 1988 MEMDB offers a PC-prototype which contains 13,256 medieval currency exchange rate quotations. The article observes from a number of different angles the choices and decisions that were made by MEMDB. It relates to questions concerning the theoretical requirements and limitations of historical data banks and examines in which way MEMDB has dealt with these problems.