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Increasingly, companies are looking for more efficient ways of
distributing their goods and are turning to Computer‐assisted Vehicle
Routeing Systems (CAVRS) to replace manual routeing systems. The aim of
CAVRS is to reduce the cost of distribution without adversely affecting
service. A framework of criteria developed to evaluate CAVRS packages is
described, based on the proposed characteristics of an
"ideal" CAVRS. The criteria represent the most important
aspects that should be considered by potential users when selecting a
package.

'How is a new quality of reading, which we call 'sociological understanding', created during the process of qualitative analysis? A methodological (conventional) answer to this question usually speaks of mental processes and conceptual work. This paper suggests a different view - sociological rather than methodological; or more precisely a view inspired by a contemporary sociology of science. It describes qualitative analysis as a set of material practices. Taking grounded theory methodology and the work with the computer programme Atlas.ti as an example, it is argued that thinking is inseparable from doing even in this domain. It is argued that by adopting the suggested perspective we might be better able to speak of otherwise hardly graspable processes of qualitative analysis in more accountable and instructable ways. Further, software packages would be better understood not only as 'mere tools' for coding and retrieving, but also as complex virtual environments for embodied and practice-based knowledge making. Finally, grounded theory methodology might appear in a somewhat different light: when described not in terms of methodological or theoretical concepts but rather in terms of what we practically do with the analysed data, it becomes perfectly compatible with the radical constructivist, textualist, or even post-structuralist paradigms of interpretation (from which it has allegedly departed by a long way).' (author's abstract)|

Multimodal (discourse) analysis is about analyzing and theorizing individual semiotic resources (e.g., language, image, audio, space, gesture, facial expression) and inter-semiotic relations to make meaning of multimodal phenomena in context. Conducting multimodal analyses can be challenging because of its complexity. Computer-based software can support multimodal analysis by automating or semi-automating stages of annotating and analyzing, thus reducing the extensive time and labor required. The designed affordances of the software are aimed at helping researchers establish links between low-level features of multimodal texts and higher-order multimodal semantic meanings by following specific workflows. Amongst many popular multimodal transcription tools (e.g., ELAN, CLAN, ChronoViz), a new open-source multimodal annotation software for video analysis, GRAPE-MARS has been recently launched. This technical review will first describe the organization and affordances of GRAPE-MARS by illustrating a multimodal analysis of a video via this tool. We will then highlight the principal functionalities that make this software efficient in supporting multimodal analysis. Finally, the limitations and future possible applications of GRAPE-MARS will be discussed.

Dieser Artikel behandelt die wechselseitige Beziehung zwischen mechanischen und konzeptuellen Aufgaben qualitativer Datenanalyse. Im ersten Teil wird die Unterstützungsfunktion erläutert, die ein Computerprogramm, in diesem Falle HyperQual 2, für den mechanischen Aspekt der Analyse mit einbringt. Der wichtigste Aspekt in jedem qualitativen Forschungsvorhaben ist jedoch von Natur her konzeptionell. Dies wird im zweiten Teil dieses Aufsatzes näher diskutiert. Für den konzeptionellen Teil der Analyse ist die Metapher "Momentaufnahme" passend, da es das Ziel jedes Analyseprozesses ist, das Wesentliche des untersuchten Phänomens herauszustellen. Dieser zielgerichtete Ansatz wird hier als eine Möglichkeit der Berichterstattung dargestellt, welcher die Transparenz des qualitativen Forschungsprozesses erhöht. Er kann als Gestaltungsrahmen verwendet werden, der es den Leser(inne)n ermöglicht, die Genauigkeit der Ergebnisse der abschließenden Analyse besser evaluieren zu können.

Current machine translation (MT) systems are still not perfect. In practice, the output from these systems needs to be edited to correct errors. A way of increasing the productivity of the whole translation process (MT plus human work) is to incorporate the human correction activities within the translation process itself, thereby shifting the MT paradigm to that of computer-assisted translation. This model entails an iterative process in which the human translator activity is included in the loop: In each iteration, a prefix of the translation is validated (accepted or amended) by the human and the system computes its best (or n-best) translation suffix hypothesis to complete this prefix. A successful framework for MT is the so-called statistical (or pattern recognition) framework. Interestingly, within this framework, the adaptation of MT systems to the interactive scenario affects mainly the search process, allowing a great reuse of successful techniques and models. In this article, alignment templates, phrase-based models, and stochastic finite-state transducers are used to develop computer-assisted translation systems. These systems were assessed in a European project (TransType2) in two real tasks: The translation of printer manuals; manuals and the translation of the Bulletin of the European Union. In each task, the following three pairs of languages were involved (in both translation directions): English-Spanish, English-German, and English-French.