Suchergebnisse

In this interview the Head of the Chair of Sociology of Public Administration of the School of Sociology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vladimir P. Vasiliev, shares his assessments of the results and significance of the UN climate Conference held in November-December 2023 in the UAE (Dubai). He examines the current dynamics of the implementation of the Paris Climate Agreement, the key provisions of the reports of the World Health Organization and the International Energy Agency, and focuses on the discussions that unfolded at the conference on the use of fossil fuels and the transition to renewable energy sources. It is noted that the process of implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is currently facing a number of serious obstacles, both economic and socio-political in nature. Meanwhile, failure to implement the SDGs is fraught with a sharp aggravation of the problems of global inequality, food security and climate migration, especially dangerous for the most vulnerable groups of the population. It is noted that under these conditions, the Russian Federation is pursuing a long-term climate policy aimed at achieving a balance between anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and their absorption, in a way that is consistent with national interests and priorities of socio-economic development. Hopefully, scientists from Lomonosov Moscow State University will be able to contribute both to improving the environmental policy of the Russian Federation and to defining the global climate agenda. And for this, in turn, it is important to develop and strengthen the dialogue between the leading scientific schools of Moscow State University.

The article examines the problems of the ruling coalition of the Austrian People's Party and the Greens, led by Chancellor Karl Nehammer. In the context of growing escalation in Europe and the world, it is becoming more difficult for Vienna to maintain its previous position as a neutral state. Will the ruling circles take into account the voters' request to preserve the previous comfort of life and the worthy position of Austria on the continent will be shown by elections to the European Parliament and the National Council in 2024.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the system of institutions of sustainable development and the implementation of their principles at the interstate, national macro and micro levels. The interrelation of ecology, economy and social dynamics as a single complex of institutions for solving the problems of sustainable development is shown. The universality of the goals of modern transformations in the field of environmental protection and socio-economic development, a wide range of improving the well-being of the population does not remove the existence of specific strategic goals for the countries of the post-industrial and pre-industrial stages of development. The modern interpretation of the sustainable development goals denies the stagnation of economic development and the reduction of consumption for the realization of environmental sustainability. Articulation of specific tasks at the interstate level is a vector of strategic planning at the national level, goal setting and designing the activities of public companies. The analysis of the formation of the institutional infrastructure of interaction between public companies and stakeholders in the field of non-financial reporting on ESG and financing of "green" investments is given. Non-financial reporting is transformed from the tasks of PR management into the direction of goal-setting and the formation of a new structure of financial activity, including the social development of companies.

The article explores new tasks of political education in the complex of social studies subjects and their standardization in connection with new tasks for the formation of personality and citizen in the process of learning and socialization. The formation of the worldview of schoolchildren is mainly realized in the subjects of the socio-scientific cycle — history, social studies, geography. It is necessary to update the sections included in social science, taking into account fundamental scientific directions and certain disciplines that study problems of social development. This approach makes it possible to explain and argue real social practices in the learning process, to show the role and importance of a sovereign state as an institution of political and socio-economic life. It is proposed to significantly advance the positive agenda of the Russian state in the educational process, based on national values in the field of social policy, to supplement the relevant sections of socio-scientific subjects with the study of the problems of modern areas of political education. The article proposes a new structure for studying the subject areas of social studies and the transition in high school to mono-subject teaching.

The paper describes the technology of Internet mapping of the ecological
and magnetic state of soils on the example of the soil cover of the town of Chusovoi in Perm Region. The ecological and magnetic state of soils
reflects the results of the long-term impact of industry and transport
on the urban ecosystem, and the presentation of such data in the form of maps
is generally accepted in ecological soil science. However, there is a problem
of availability of spatial data characterizing soil pollution, caused, on the one
hand, by the placement of materials in specialized literature and reports, and,
on the other hand, by digital inequality due to the specificity of geographic
information. In this regard, today the process of integration of geoinformation
technologies and web technologies is actively taking place. The purpose
of the research is to develop the technology for creating a typical web map
of the ecological and magnetic state of soils in an urbanized area. The creation
of a web map of the ecological and magnetic state of soils was carried out
according to the standard stages of soil mapping: preparatory, field, and
final cameral. Maps of magnetic susceptibility and content of heavy metals
in soils were made using the ordinary kriging. Web application development
is implemented using the qgis2web module and the Brackets code editor.
The web application is hosted on the GitHub Pages platform. The results
of the work represent a combination of geostatistics and visualization
methods based on Internet mapping technologies, which makes it possible
to present a whole set of geoecological maps dedicated to the ecological and
magnetic state of soils in the form of a website. The presented geotechnology
greatly simplifies the development of a soil-ecological web GIS application –
the work is mainly carried out in a GIS environment and therefore does not
require advanced competencies of a soil-cartographer in web programming

The author examines the complex of reasons that prompted the Nobel Committee to award the Nobel Prize in Economics for 2022 to former Federal Reserve System chairman B. Bernanke (2006-2014). The award was granted not only to B. Bernanke, now a leading researcher at the Brookings Institute (Washington, D.C.), as well as to two other American economists - a professor at the University of Chicago, Booth School of Business D. Diamond and a professor of Washington University (St. Louis, Missouri) F. Dybvig for their research of the mechanism of the banking system functioning during financial crises. It is emphasized that the awarding of the Nodel prize to B. Bernanke and two other American economists was politically biased and intended to "rehabilitate" the monetary policy pursued by the FRS in 2007-2009 during the Great Recession. In the long run it led in the early 2020s to record inflation rate in 40 years. During his tenure as Chairman of the Fed, Bernanke, as a supporter of the monetary theory of the Great Depression of the 1930s, proposed in 1963 by the head of the Chicago School of monetarists M. Friedman, deliberately departed from the main regulatory norm of the former monetary policy, formulated in 1993 by Stanford University professor J. Taylor (the so-called "Taylor rules"). It provided for the constant excess of the federal fund rate over the current inflation rate in order to keep the consumer price index growth under constant control of the US monetary authorities. As a result of arbitrary actions by the FRS under the leadership of B. Bernanke, at the end of 2008 the federal fund rate was lowered to zero, and since then it has been consistently below the inflation index. As a result, in the early 2020s, the Fed lost control over inflationary processes in the American economy. These actions of the Fed were a direct consequence of the incorrect diagnosis made by B. Bernanke. He stated that the main threat to the American economy in XXI century, as in the 1930s, is a hypothetical deflationary mode of operation, although since the end of World War II the US economy functioned exclusively in an inflationary mode. Combined with the uncontrolled use of the printing press and exorbitant lending in the period 2007-2009 the Fed managed to minimize the crisis in the US banking system, in fact, to save it, at the cost of transforming the so-called "liquidity trap" into a "debt trap". The Nobel Prize was awarded to B. Bernanke by the Swedish Central Bank for saving both the American and the leading segments of the world banking system, however, at present, the general population and various sectors of the real economy have to pay for such experiments in monetary policy.

The basis for the analysis of special interests in economic activity is the research of neo-institutional theory, which interprets the phenomenon of lobbying as a process of exchange between the state and business, in the field of competition for influence in decision-making and resource allocation based on the manifestation of differing interests. Competition unfolds in two areas of interaction – the formation of institutional norms that directly determine the economic result of business and for resources for the implementation of investment programs. The features of Russian economic lobbying and new forms of promoting economic interests in government bodies are highlighted. In large companies, lobbying becomes the sphere of specialized GR management, working on issues of strategic and operational interests of companies with representatives of the authorities. It is shown that the activity of GR is modified under the influence of the practice of implementing large projects, embedding business in public administration programs. Collective lobbying in the form of various unions, associations and associations of business structures that are in constant dialogue with the authorities has received significant development and effectiveness in achieving the goals of implementing special sectoral interests. It is determined that the current trend of lobbying is the articulation of special interests of business in strategic areas of economic dynamics, where administrative and financial resources of the state are concentrated. Traditional and new motives of lobbying are moving into the sphere of forming a new investment cycle, strategic national ones. projects, digital development and solutions to environmental problems.

The article analyzes the new conditions and institutions of socio-economic dynamics developing under the influence of COVID-19 and overcoming its consequences. New directions of the macro-management system are actualized by the economic recession that arose under the influence of COVID-19 and the previous depressive rates of economic growth. Social conditions and tensions have predetermined the growth of the state's participation in socio-economic development, the formation of new institutional trends.
Transformation of public administration institutions is due to the long-term influence of the characteristics of the information society and the conceptualization of modern sustainable growth in the areas of welfare, poverty reduction, and ecology. In the Russian Federation, a transition is underway to a new form of institutional regulation of socio-economic dynamics based on a system of medium-term strategic planning in the range from the development of key long-term development strategies to the operational management of specific projects. The modern national development goals and their indicators are presented, the existing risks of strategic planning are structured, which require consideration when developing subsequent system solutions. The current principles of the welfare state have been clarified, institutional innovations in the organization of social protection of the population are shown in the context of strategic planning, the interaction of federal and regional authorities in the problem field of social assistance and social insurance of the population.

In legal science and practice, the term "legal regulation" often denotes various phenomena. This leads to a violation of the logical law of identity and theoretical difficulties. The article presents a description of four independent approaches to legal regulation: functional, narrow cybernetic, power-based, and content-specific. The functional understanding of legal regulation presents it as a kind of impact of the law on public relations, during which legal consequences arise, that is, changes in the rights, legitimate interests and obligations of subjects of law, narrow cybernetic - as the movement of administrative legal information from its generators to addressees, power-based - as the activities of a powerful subject to use legal means within the framework of procedures to ensure the onset of legal consequences; content and industry - as a set of texts of legal regulations, systematized by industry criterion. Each approach has a tradition of application. A functional understanding of legal regulation is the most conceptual and practically grounded.

The implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Lisbon Strategy sets the task of a comprehensive study of the citizens` well-being, determining the state and trends in the level and quality of life not only by traditional methods of social statistics, but also through comprehensive sociological research. This approach has significant advantages since it allows us to generalize the state of social development of a society based on the population`s opinions, to study the emerging social risks that concern the population, to determine the differentiation of countries by indicators of well-being. The foundations of the new approach to the analysis of social processes were laid by the scientific achievements of the 60s of the last century. The dominant paradigm was the economic goals and parameters of statistically measured national income, household income, wages and their differentiation. The environmental risks that threaten the future of civilization were identified and analyzed in the 70s of the XX century. The production contradiction, which raised the question of measuring the quality of life in a new way, was articulated. The economic component (economic growth) was mixed and replaced with the welfare parameter. The sustainable development, including the indicators of well-being, the fight against poverty, and the environment were declared to be the goals of the society. The tasks of monitoring the solution of these problems are solved by sociological research, whose mathematical formalization can become a structural element of economic and mathematical modeling of social processes.

The article presents the main results of the development of the Department of sociology of public administration, the conditions and conceptual foundations of research and the content of the educational process. The results of the implementation of problem tasks in the framework of the direction Social state: modernization of management and social policy are shown. The main achievements in the field of scientific research are structured. The novelty of published textbooks and teaching AIDS is shown. The characteristic of the main academic disciplines developed by the Department is given.