Suchergebnisse

This paper examines the functioning of some of India's institutions of governance, namely, the legislative and executive branches of government, the judiciary, and the bureaucracy, from an instrumental, economic perspective. Governance is analyzed along three dimensions: (1) the degree of commitment or durability of laws and rules, (2) the degree of enforcement of these laws, and (3) the degree of decentralization of jurisdictions with respect to local public goods. It is suggested that India's experience of governance reflects insufficiencies in all three dimensions: of durability, enforcement, and decentralization, with adverse consequences for economic efficiency. The paper concludes with a brief normative discussion of collective action in general, and alternative structures of institutions of governance.

This book traces the development experience of one of India's most dynamic and prosperous states, Punjab, which has provided the country with a much-needed degree of food security. The relative regression of Punjab's economy in the post-economic reforms period and slow current economic growth give cause for concern. The contributions in this book address the question of why the structural transformation of Punjab's economy has fallen into the middle-income trap. Each investigates the policy constraints influencing the relative stagnation of the economy and suggests appropriate measures for alleviating them. By integrating theoretical constructs and new evidence, the authoritative contributions diagnose the nature of the current problems and offer practical solutions. They cover important issues such as the crisis of agrarian transition, agrarian markets and distributive justice, employment growth and transition to non-agriculture sectors, fiscal policy, external factors in economic transformation, and perspectives on rejuvenating the state's economy

Chapter 1. Economic Transformation and Development Experience of Indian Punjab-An Introduction -- Section I: Understanding the Crisis of Agrarian Transition -- Chapter 2. The Role of Technological and Institutional Changes in the Growth and Transformation of Agriculture in Punjab -- Chapter 3. Growth Pattern and Economic Impacts of Wheat Productivity in Punjab Agriculture -- Chapter 4. Rethinking Diversification of Agriculture in the Indian Punjab: An Examination of Strategy and Mechanisms -- Chapter 5. Groundwater Irrigation in Punjab: Some Issues and A Way Forward -- Section II: Agrarian Markets and Distributive Outcomes -- Chapter 6. Growth of Cash Rent Tenancy and Modernisation of Land Lease Market in Punjab -- Chapter 7. Marketing and Agricultural Development in Punjab -- Chapter 8. Agricultural Credit in Punjab: Have Policy Initiatives Made A Dent In Informal Credit Markets? -- Chapter 9. Imperfect Information and Contract Enforcement in Informal Credit Market in Rural Punjab -- Chapter 10. Household Income Inequality and Asset Distribution: The Case of Rural Punjab -- Section III: Structural Transformation of Punjab Economy: Emergence of Industry and Services -- Chapter 11. Growth, Employment and Structural Change: Punjab versus Sixteen Major States of India -- Chapter 12. Manufacturing Sector in Punjab: Evolution, Growth Dynamism, Key Concerns and Rejuvenation Strategy -- Chapter 13. Service Sector and Economic Growth in Punjab -- Section IV: Human Development in Punjab's Economic Transformation -- Chapter 14. Critical Evaluation of Educational Development in Punjab -- Chapter 15. Economic Development and Emerging Health Scenario in Punjab: A Need for State Support and Accountability -- Section V: External factors in Punjab's Economic Development -- Chapter 16. Unpacking the 'Diaspora-Development' Mantra: Does Punjabi Diaspora have the Potential to Contribute to the Rejuvenation of Punjab's Economy? -- Chapter 17. How Centre-State Relations Have Shaped Punjab's Development Pattern -- Section VI: Fiscal Policy of Punjab in Comparative Perspective -- Chapter 18. Public Finances and Development: The Case of Punjab -- Chapter 19. Strategy for Fiscal Stability and Revitalizing the Economy of Punjab -- Section VII: Perspectives on Rejuvenation of Punjab Economy -- Chapter 20. Peasant Movement and Rejuvenation of Punjab Economy -- Chapter 21. Breaking the Mold: Thoughts on Punjab's Future Economic Development.

AbstractWe model the concept of embedded autonomy, introduced by Peter Evans, as an interaction between bureaucrats and entrepreneurs, where bureaucrats must approve projects proposed by entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs are better informed about their own projects than are bureaucrats, but bureaucrats can receive signals about project quality from entrepreneurs. If bureaucrats and entrepreneurs are more closely connected, say through social ties, they receive more informative signals. However, greater closeness will simultaneously relax the standards for project approval. Hence, there is a tradeoff between these two effects of social closeness, which helps capture the concept of embedded autonomy.

AbstractWe construct a model of "embedded autonomy," the idea that the closeness of bureaucrats and business people may lead to growth‐promoting policies by the government, though at the risk of leading to crony capitalism. We analyze how the level of monitoring to control corruption and the weight given to the future affect the nature of the possible outcomes. We explore possible tradeoffs between growth and inclusiveness and discuss how our model relates to more general concepts of inclusiveness of institutions, as framed by Acemoglu and Robinson, or the nature of "access orders," as introduced by North, Wallis, and Weingast.