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How have Scotland's first post-devolution decades been felt across the political landscape?Features analysis of the key political institutions and parties in ScotlandProvides a detailed chronology of the devolution eraIncludes perspectives from civil servants, campaigners and politicians including Jim Gallagher, Joyce McMillan, Johann Lamont, Murdo Fraser and Marco BiagiIf you want a taster ahead of publication on 1st August you can download the introduction from the resources tab, below.Marking the first twenty years of the Scottish Parliament, this collection of essays assesses its impact on Scotland, the UK and Europe and compares progress against pre-devolution hopes and expectations. It brings together the voices of ministers and advisers, leading political scientists and historians, commentators, journalists and former civil servants – building an authoritative account of what the Scottish Parliament has made of devolution.The Story of the Scottish Parliament is an essential guide to the powers Holyrood may need for Scotland to flourish in an increasingly uncertain world.Contributors to The Story of the Scottish ParliamentMargaret Arnott is professor of public policy at the University of the West of Scotland.Lynn Bennie is reader in politics at the University of Aberdeen. Marco G. Biagi was MSP for Edinburgh from 2011 to 2016, latterly serving as Minister for Local Government and Community Empowerment. Alan Convery is lecturer in politics at the University of Edinburgh. Torcuil Crichton is the Daily Record's Westminster editor and a journalistic veteran of six UK general election campaigns and five Scottish elections. Sir John Curtice is professor of politics at Strathclyde University and senior research fellow, NatCen/ScotCen Social Research. Zoe Ferguson is an associate with the Carnegie UK Trust and has been developing their work on kindness. Murdo Fraser is MSP for Mid Scotland and Fife and was deputy leader of the Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party from 2005 to 2011.Jim Gallagher's 35-year civil service career included heading the Scottish Justice department, being private secretary to two Secretaries of State for Scotland, and twice serving in the No 10 Policy Unit under different Prime Ministers. Ewan Gibbs lectures in sociology and social policy at the University of the West of Scotland and sits on the committee of the Scottish Labour History Society. Ambrose Gillick is a designer and lecturer in architecture at Kent School of Architecture. David Gow is now editor of Social Europe and of sceptical.scot. Gerry Hassan is research fellow in contemporary history at Dundee University. Ailsa Henderson is professor of political science at the University of Edinburgh where she conducts research on comparative sub-state political behaviour and political culture.Kirsty Hughes is director of the Scottish Centre on European Relations. Lee Ivett is an award-winning architect, designer and founding director of Baxendale Studio. Richard Kerley is Emeritus Professor of Management at Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, and co-chair of the Centre for Scottish Public Policy. Colin Kidd is Wardlaw Professor of Modern History at the University of St Andrews. Johann Lamont is Labour MSP for Glasgow and was previously leader of the Scottish Labour Party.Craig McAngus is a lecturer in politics at the University of the West of Scotland. Neil McGarvey is a senior teaching fellow in the School of Government and Public Policy at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow. Joyce McMillan is a freelance

We conduct the first 4D-Var inversion of NH 3 accounting for NH 3 bi-directional flux, using CrIS satellite NH 3 observations over Europe in 2016. We find posterior NH 3 emissions peak more in springtime than prior emissions at continental to national scales, and annually they are generally smaller than the prior emissions over central Europe, but larger over most of the rest of Europe. Annual posterior anthropogenic NH 3 emissions for 25 European Union members (EU25) are 25% higher than the prior emissions and very close (<2% difference) to other inventories. Our posterior annual anthropogenic emissions for EU25, the UK, the Netherlands, and Switzerland are generally 10%–20% smaller than when treating NH 3 fluxes as uni-directional emissions, while the monthly regional difference can be up to 34% (Switzerland in July). Compared to monthly mean in-situ observations, our posterior NH 3 emissions from both schemes generally improve the magnitude and seasonality of simulated surface NH 3 and bulk NH x wet deposition throughout most of Europe, whereas evaluation against hourly measurements at a background site shows the bi-directional scheme better captures observed diurnal variability of surface NH 3 . This contrast highlights the need for accurately simulating diurnal variability of NH 3 in assimilation of sun-synchronous observations and also the potential value of future geostationary satellite observations. Overall, our top-down ammonia emissions can help to examine the effectiveness of air pollution control policies to facilitate future air pollution management, as well as helping us understand the uncertainty in top-down NH 3 emissions estimates associated with treatment of NH 3 surface exchange.