Suchergebnisse

A number of recent studies have found that temporary members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) experience increased foreign aid inflows. We use a constrained permutations approach to replicate analyses found in Vreeland and Dreher (2014). Permuting the timing of country membership on the Security Council, we create placebo UNSC membership histories which plausibly could have been observed. We use these placebos to construct a reference distribution for the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between UNSC membership and foreign aid flows and then observe whether or not the observed test statistic for the correlation found in the real-world data is in the tails of this distribution. In other contexts, such empirically based hypothesis tests have revealed a high false-positive rate for traditional, model-based time-series cross-sectional inference. Given the controversial nature of studies about increased aid flows as secondary benefits of UNSC membership, it is valuable to subject such analyses to additional scrutiny. Our reanalysis largely validates existing findings.

The U.S. Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) program provides workers who have lost their jobs due to increased trade with income support and training, job search, and relocation benefits. This paper uses data collected by the Department of Labor on TAA beneficiaries to provide the most recent econometric evaluation of the effectiveness of the TAA program. Summary statistics suggest that the TAA program successfully targets displaced workers who have a greater difficulty finding new employment. However, using propensity score matching techniques we find that while the required training component of the program improves the employment outcomes of beneficiaries, on average the TAA program has no discernible impact on the employment outcomes of the participants. (JEL F16)

Abstract This is the first empirical study to examine Congressional support of a new law that distributes antidumping duties to protected firms. Because the law produces a transparent measure of how much each firm was rewarded for its efforts to secure the bill's passage, it provides researchers with a unique opportunity to study the link between the expected financial returns to firms, campaign contributions, and Congressional behaviour. Our results indicate that campaign contributions from beneficiaries increased the likelihood that lawmakers would sponsor the law, while contributions from the law's beneficiaries increased with the rewards they expected to receive.

Mismatches between provision of paediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and potential to benefit are examined. Deficiencies are most likely to occur in peripheral maternity units but futile CPR is more common in emergency departments where the child is unknown. Decision making in individual cases is best retained by the medical profession for the sake of the child and family. American style intervention by the legislature is likely to dissipate scarce resources and perhaps harm infants not capable of benefiting.

For dynamic simulation of human movement, segment axis systems are often defined by the inertial tensor unique to each simulated body segment. When empirical three-dimensional data are sought that describe either the mass distribution or the kinematic properties of the human body, anatomical frames of reference are needed for the sake of measurement methodology and data comparability. Anatomical axis systems are based on anatomical landmarks that must represent functional and stable features in the skeletal geometry. The role of anthropometric landmarks used in defining anatomical coordinate axis systems is discussed with examples from current research regarding the kinematics of the hip joint and mass distribution of the whole body. The use of anatomical frames of reference will improve the correspondence between computer simulations of the human body and the biological structure.

"This edition continues the emphasis of prior editions on such topics as the relationship of local governments to state and federal governments; the needs of local governments for territory, for personnel, and for adequate financing; and the principal activities and possible liabilities of local government. There is increased attention to land use control, an area of growing activity on the part of institutions, ranging from the U.S. Supreme Court to local zoning boards. This includes material not found in some books in this field, on such important concepts as "smart growth," "new urbanism," and "regulatory takings.""--

Background: Family planning (FP) methods have been found as an efficient approach of reducing fertility and are therefore widely supported in order to decrease population growth, particularly in poor nations. Promoting contraception availability among women (15 – 49) age has also been shown to be an efficient public health strategy for improving maternal and newborn health outcomes. This paper aimed at exploring the pooled prevalence of contraceptive uptake and its contextual determinants among women of childbearing age in The Gambia. Methods: The Gambia Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) in both 2013 and 2019-20 was used for this study. Data were obtained from a pooled 22,098 women aged 15-49 (10,233 for 2013 and 11,865 for 2019-20) through a stratified two-stage cluster sampling approach. Percentages and chi-square tests were used and variables with p-value <0.05 were included into the model. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the predictors of contraceptive usage at 95% confidence interval (CIs) with computed adjusted odds ratios (aORs). All the study data were analyzed using Stata version 15. Results: The weighted pooled prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization in The Gambia was 10.1%. Younger age, compared with women aged 25-29; 30-34; 35-39; 40-44; primary education (aOR=1.25, 95% CI=1.05-1.49); secondary education (aOR=1.57, 95% CI= 1.32-1.85); Higher education (aOR=1.90, 95% CI=1.34-12.69); living in urban areas (aOR=1.49, 95% CI= 1.25-1.79); parity 2-4 (aOR=1.21, 95% CI= 1.01-1.47); told about FP at health facility (aOR=2.97, 95% CI= 2.61-3.38), and no desire for many children (aOR=1.96, 95% CI= 1.62-2.37) were more like to use modern contraceptives among Gambian women. Conclusion: The programme certainly needs to consider improvements in the quality of care being offered to acceptors. Government agencies should target these programs and campaigns on regional FP demands and provide suitable culturally sensitive and regionally adaptive services to the communities' ...