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The object of our study is a lapidary monument, the so-called "encyclopedia" of signs containing not only pictograms, but also Greek-language monograms, as well as poorly readable individual letters of a multi-line inscription in ancient Greek. All signs on the slab made in different styles are combined into one complex. The names "Neoptolemus" and "Machares" are encrypted in the monograms. We are talking about the commander of Mithridates VI Eupator Dionysus, who defeated the barbarians in two battles on the Bosporus, as well as the son of this sovereign, his governor in the Northern Black Sea region. Tamgas on the slab are symbolic signatures of the leaders of the influential clans of the Northern Black Sea region and Taurica. These designations were placed on the plate at the time of the magical ritual that finalized the conclusion of an agreement on the alliance of barbarian associations with Neoptolemus acting on behalf of Mithridates VI Eupator Dionysus. Unfortunately, the text of the agreement, placed under the monograms and signs, has not survived. The monogram of Machares appeared on the slab later after his arrival in the Bosporus as the governor of the Pontic sovereign. Subsequently, the signs of the less influential Sarmatian clans that entered into an alliance with the participants in the signing of the agreement were placed on the plate. However, after the death of Machares, this union fell apart. It is not accidental that the slab lacks the monograms of Mithridates VI Eupator Dionysus and Pharnaces II.

The article proposes a solution to the methodological crisis of modern psycho­logical science and practice using the methodology of the contextual approach. To ensure a combination of conflicting psychological concepts without their mu­tual reduction, it is proposed to use support on the principle of complementarity. The application of this principle to the description of the phenomenon of context itself allows us to present it both as a static structure (semantic field) and as a dy­namic process (semantization of mental contents). Additional are also the de­scription of the context as a mental phenomenon and as an epistemological study. In this regard, we can distinguish the broad (sociocultural conditions) and narrow (methodology of cognition) contexts of scientific research. It is proposed that all descriptions of the subject of research in various contexts be considered not as full-volume, but as describing a given object only partially. The combina­tion of descriptions of the psychic phenomenon obtained in additional contexts provides coverage of different levels and types of its representations in a single multidimensional system of psychological knowledge.

The reason for writing this article was a letter from Nikolai Ivanovich Zhinkin to Pavel Sergeevich Popov (has been reproduced hereafter), which discusses the es­sential logical-epistemological problem of the relationship between conscious­ness and language. The authors immerse the ideas expressed by N.I. Zhinkin in the late – psychological – period of creativity, in the field of his early – philo­sophical – interests, motivated by the conceptual constructions of his teacher G.G. Shpet (first of all, by his phenomenologically oriented studies of the inner form of the word). The concept of inner form, the European sources of its origin, the trajectory of its historical movement in Russia from philosophy (G.G. Shpet) to linguistics (R.O. Yakobson) and psychology (N.I. Zhinkin) is central for the authors of the article, as well as the semantic transformations that occur with him during the transfer from the sphere of philosophy to specific scientific areas of knowledge. At the same time, the historical continuity of Russian pre-revolution­ary philosophy and scientific and humanitarian thought of the Soviet period is demonstrated. In methodological terms, the authors focus on the features of philosophical ideas' application in their projection onto the emerging positive scientific research itself. When a positive (albeit humanitarian) science assimi­lates any approach initiated by philosophy, it accentuates aspects of its concep­tual content relevant to a given subject area under study, thereby determining its ideological and conceptual potential. Such a semantic limitation of philosophical ideas and concepts, arising in the course of their projection onto positive scien­tific research, stops their dynamics, which is inevitable retribution for their spe­cific cognitive effectiveness.

The article attempts to give internal contours of historical genesis of the general theory of fractality. Through the analysis of current scientific positions the neces­sity of theoretical comprehension of fractal as a philosophical category is shown and the absence of its unified theory is stated. The article makes logical and methodological reflection of the present ideas about fractality and methods of its research. The authors reveal general definitions of fractality and, through their prism, search for the logical basis of the subject of research. In retrospective movement the genealogy of the theory of fractal is reconstructed and the roots of fractal problematics, which go back to the Pythagorean doctrine of number, are shown. The conclusion is made about the coincidence of the general theory of fractality (understood as dialectics and theory of cognition of its subject) with theoretical mathematics as applied dialectical logic, which reflects a tense con­nection with social needs.

"Export" of intellectual culture or "transfer of ideas" is one of the most urgent problems of philosophy. The trajectories of the movement of thought are difficult to trace in historical contexts. The archive of the epoch becomes the foundation of such historical and philosophical research and requires, among other things, an un­derstanding of the epistolary heritage of intellectuals. We present the correspon­dence of two Russian humanitarians, R.O. Jakobson and N.I. Zhinkin, who be­longed to the same "sphere of conversation" in the 1920s and who resumed communication in the 1960s. They wrote letters to each other from 1958–1979, ex­changing publications and opinions on various scientific and methodological prob­lems, as well as discussing the possibility of translating Zhinkin's "Mechanisms of speech" (1958). Their correspondence makes it possible to clarify the trajecto­ries and transformations of phenomenological ideas in Russian intellectual culture of the second half of the 20th century. Zhinkin's book "The Mechanisms of Speech" is acquiring no less significance today. At its foundation, the author puts the idea of communication, which will allow him to reach such a complex method­ological problem as an interdisciplinary synthesis. Jakobson appreciated Zhinkin's research because he believed that such phenomena as language, speech, and thought require a holistic structural approach, where joint physiological, psycho­logical and philosophical research can give excellent results.

In January 2024, Russian philosophical community celebrated the 90th anniver­sary of the birth of the famous Russian philosopher, historian of philosophy and science, Piama Pavlovna Gaidenko (1934–2021). Iskra Stepanovna Andreeva used to call her "Russian Diotima", and Erikh Yurievich Solovyev called her an "incomparable interlocutor". She had an amazing ability to speak simply, clearly, and historically substantively about complex subjects. Her works won­derfully combined subject's depth, rationality of argumentation, relevance of the studied problems and existential insight into them. Her epistemological style turns out to be strikingly consonant with the Russian tradition of "positive phi­losophy", which is based on the idea of concreteness, the aspiration to achieve a "single, internally connected, holistic, and concrete knowledge of reality", as formulated by Gustav Gustavovich Shpet. This tradition also includes the philo­sophical concepts of Pamfil Danilovich Yurkevich, Princes Sergey Nikolaevich and Evgeny Nikolaevich Trubetskoy, Lev Mikhailovich Lopatin, and many oth­ers. The continuity of Piama Pavlovna's epistemological style with the Russian intellectual tradition is also evidenced in the letter of Russian philosopher and bibliographer Pavel Khristoforovich Kananov (1883–1967), addresed to her (a drift dated 1966 was recently discovered in his archive). We assume that "im­provised lucubrations in the midnight hour" written by an "existentialist before existentialism" will make us think once again about the specifics of existential philosophy in Russia. This text is published below.

On September 29–30, 1922, a tragic event for the culture of Russia happened – the expulsion of its intellectual elite from the country began. The execution was replaced by exile. It was a heavy blow to the national culture. And when in the early 1990s this event was described and comprehended in the philosophi­cal literature, the formula "interrupted flight" became the leitmotif. In that time it was experienced and comprehended in this way. Today, however, after another two decades, we can say: yes, it was a terrible blow to Russian humanitarian thought, but its deep traditions still did not disappear without a trace. What did it cost to those who kept the threads of Russian philosophical thought – is a special topic – and we must also remember about them – about the fate of G.G. Shpet, P.A. Florensky, A.F. Losev, I.V. Popov and many others… But, one way or an­other, thanks to them, philosophical thought and intellectual domestic culture, de­spite all their seeming ephemerality and fragility, were preserved. They managed to preserve the tradition – despite external circumstances, despite attempts to in­terrupt it, destroy it, and passed it on to the next generations of humanitarians. To­day, to the assessments of this tragic event that took place a century ago, we want to add that efforts aimed at reviving in its entirety and updating the tradition of Russian philosophy continue. And reflections on these efforts, their philosophi­cal understanding is the topic of our article

Social software is considered in the article, first of all, as a philosophical and methodological strategy that focuses contemporary educational practices on solving the main problem of Russian education: motivating students for self-education, independent expansion of the sphere of knowledge and competence. According to the authors, the main reason why the motivation of students has be­come a problem (and not only in Russian education) is the lag of educational practices from the rapidly transforming technological, and therefore, socio-eco­nomic demands of modern society. In this situation, a certain contribution to the solution of this problem can be made by the orientation of students to­wards the active assimilation of knowledge in the course of their creative and constructive participation in educational programs that are built using the strategy of social software. The application of this strategy allows the teacher to clearly define the place and role of each participant in the joint activity aimed at achiev­ing the educational goal "programmed" for this team, and the student is able to meaningfully adjust the curriculum. The educational process organized in this way ensures the active assimilation of the relevant body of knowledge and al­lows making such changes in the collaborative structure of the program that im­ply a cognitive expansion of the content component of education. Accordingly, albeit within the framework of the learning community, students are aware of the cultural and historical status of personal cognitive efforts aimed at self-educa­tion. Thus, within the framework of social software, there is a personal increase in the student's competence, taking into account the immanent social and cul­tural-historical contexts of education.