Suchergebnisse

Given the argument that an excessively low inflation threshold in developed countries may hurt economic growth, the objective of this study is to examine whether a developing country's perspective is different. The empirical analysis is done using the annual data from Bangladesh for the period 1976 to 2005. A specific question that is addressed in this paper is what the threshold inflation rate is for Bangladesh. The findings clearly suggest that the increase in inflation from any level has negative effects on economic growth, and substantial gains can be obtained by focusing monetary policy towards maintaining price stability.

How to ensure energy supply and reduce environment pollution have turned into governments' top priorities and key factors to maintain sustainable development. In this context, two major trade and investment agreements that could lead to profound influence on low-carbon energy systems development around the Asia-Pacific region are the Regional comprehensive economic partnership (RCEP) consisted of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) plus Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, and Republic of Korea and the Belt and road initiative (BRI) initiated by China.In order to have a smooth transition to low-carbon energy systems in Asia, besides RCEP and BRI it is imperative to boost private sector investment. Success of encouraging private sector investment depends on appropriate government policies towards promoting innovations and reducing financial risks to private investors. The research questions that are examined in this study are: What type of policy measures affects trade in low-carbon transition, particularly renewable energy (RE) transition? How can investment signals and incentives be reframed to scale up private finance in RE? The objective is to investigate and to provide several feasible trade policy and investment policy tools for both national and regional markets that governments could adopt to accelerate the speed of private financing of the low-carbon energy industry, particularly the RE industry.

There is an urgent need to mainstream the key challenges of climate change into sector and development planning and decision making processes to create sustainable long-term development. Mainstreaming is seen as making more efficient and effective use of financial and human resources. It is implementing and managing climate change policy holistically, which sustains development, rather than undertaking piecemeal activities. This involves building mitigation and adaptation capacity in both micro and macro economic development. Climate change is not only a national phenomenon but also a global phenomenon that requires the participation of both the public and private sectors. The importance of private sector participation is highlighted by the magnitude of the investment needed to manage climate change, and the fact that market mechanisms seem to be more effective in addressing climate change than does the public sector. Public sector involvement - such as grants, overseas development assistance (ODA), and funding from other countries - is equally important in mitigation and adaptation projects. Empirical results in this study emphasize that more caution is needed in directing ODA towards climate change mitigation and adaptation due to the links between various macroeconomic variables related to growth and poverty reduction. This implies that ODA given to other important causes related to achieving the Millennium Development Goals should not be reduced. The results show that energy efficient transfer of technology to developing countries should accompany any efforts towards directing ODA towards mitigation. Without that, ODA directed towards mitigation may have adverse effects on the pace of poverty reduction in developing countries. Thus, involvement of the private sector becomes crucial for energy efficient technological innovation and transfer.

Garnaut, Ross; Ligang Song; Drysdale, Peter: China's interests in APEC. - S. XV-XXV. APEC and the Chinese economy: Strategic issues. Zhang Yunling: Liberalisation of the Chinese economy: APEC, WTO and tariff reductions. - S. 3-14. Drysdale, Peter: Open regionalism, APEC and China's international trade strategies. - S. 15-30. Zhang Jianjun: The functions of APEC and implications for China: A critical review. - S. 31-42. Australia-China cooperation in APEC. Findlay, Christopher; Chen Chunlai: Australia's APEC agenda - implications for Australia and China. - S. 45-58 Elek, Andrew: Australia and China - shared objectives in APEC and the international economic system. - S. 59-86. APEC, structural reform and sectoral liberalisation. Yongzheng Yang; Yiping Huang: How important is APEC to China? - S. 89-108 Sun Xuegong: APEC investment, trade liberalisation and China's economic adjustment. - S. 109-118. Li Kai: Trade protection in China's automobile and textile industries and its impact on trade liberalisation. - S. 119-134. Sun Xuegong: The competitiveness of China's chemical sector: Assessment and implications for EVSL policy. - S. 135-154. Ecotech cooperation. Elek, Andrew; Soesastro, Hadi: Ecotech at the heart of APEC: Capacity-building in the Asia Pacific. - S. 157-196. Chen Luzhi: Promoting APEC's ecotech initiative. - S. 197-206. Zhou Xiaobing; Zhao Jianglin: Economic and technical cooperation - creating the environment to remove the barriers. - S. 207-222. Capital flows, technology and trade liberalisation. Zhou Xiaobing: Impact of capital inflows and technology transfer on the Chinese economy. - S. 225-242. Zhou Xiaobing; Ligang Song: Exchange rate changes, trade development and structural adjustment in the East Asian economies. - S. 243-258. Drysdale, Peter; Yiping Huang; Kalirajan, K. P.: China's trade efficiency: Measurement and determinants. - S. 259-270