Suchergebnisse

AbstractBehavioral traits that vary consistently among individuals across different contexts are often termed as 'personality traits,' while the correlated suite formed by those traits is called a 'behavioral syndrome'. Both personality trait and behavioral syndrome are potentially responsive to animal 'states', defined as strategically relevant individual features affecting the cost-and-benefit trade-offs of behavioral actions. Both extrinsic 'states' (e.g. urban versus rural habitats), and intrinsic 'states' (e.g. sex), may shape among-individual variation in personality traits, as well as behavioral syndromes. Here, we used northern cardinals sampled from four locations to examine the effect of habitat type (urban versus rural, an extrinsic state), stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) parameters, body weight and sex (intrinsic states) on personality traits and behavioral syndrome variation. We used behavioral trials to measure five personality traits. Using principal component analysis to quantify personality traits first, followed by general linear mixed models, we found that habitat type, CORT at capture and 2-day CORT response affected some personality traits, while body weight and sex did not. Cardinals inhabiting more urbanized areas had lower CORT metabolite levels at capture and were more neophilic, less neophobic and also less aggressive than their rural conspecifics. Using structural equation modeling to construct behavioral syndromes formed by our selected personality traits, we found that urban and rural cardinals varied in the models representing syndrome structure. When utilizing the shared syndrome structural model to examine the effects of states, habitat type and 2-day CORT response appear to affect syndrome variation in a coordinated, not hierarchical, manner.

Ce texte présente une synthèse des résultats d'une recherche portant sur la vision qu'ont les acteurs du développement économique communautaire du rôle joué par les organisations concernées, en particulier les Corporations de développement économique communautaire (CDEC) de Montréal, dans la construction de la cohésion sociale dans cette métropole. La recherche a porté sur deux CDEC, soit le Regroupement économique et social du Sud-Ouest (RESO) et la CDEC de Rosemont-Petite Patrie (CDEC-RPP). Ses conclusions ont été validées et enrichies à l'occasion d'un forum auquel toutes les CDEC membres du Regroupement de CDEC du Québec ont participé. L'hypothèse soutenue dans ce texte est que, depuis leur institutionnalisation, les CDEC jouent un rôle important dans la gouvernance de Montréal et dans la construction de la cohésion sociale de cette ville, parce qu'elles ont développé la capacité d'agir à la fois comme médiateurs et intermédiaires. Dans le cadre du développement urbain à Montréal, ces processus convergent parce qu'il existe des instances qui permettent le dialogue et les interrelations entre des acteurs ancrés dans des classes sociales différentes et qui, de ce fait, ont des intérêts économiques différents, voire opposés.

The China Society Yearbook (2006) provides analysis of and commentary on social issues in contemporary China, broken down into chapters on different aspects of China's social development, including change in social structure, population growth, employment, standard of living and education.

The development of physicians' core competency is related to the quality of medical practice. Accordingly, knowing how to cultivate and evaluate core competency is an important issue for medical education and management. This study used the comprehensive core competency framework proposed by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and employed fuzzy AHP (FAHP) and DEMANTEL methods to analyze the weight and priority, as well as the cause-and-effect cluster. The FAHP analysis yielded the following rankings of factors' importance: (1) patient care (C1; 27.83%), (2) medical knowledge (C2; 20.77%), (3) professionalism (C5; 17.93%), (4) interpersonal and communication skills (C4; 17.41%), (5) practice-based learning and improvement (C3; 15.52%), and (6) systems-based practice (C6; 8.233%). In terms of the DEMANTEL, the effect cluster included patient care (C1), professionalism (C5) and systems-based practice (C6), and the cause cluster included medical knowledge (C2), practice-based learning and improvement (C3), and interpersonal and communication skills (C4). The findings showed that patient care (C1) results from attitudes, patience, and the other five ACGME Core Competencies. Furthermore, emergency physicians' development also requires humanities and ethics training and practice to ensure practice-based learning (C3). This study demonstrates the importance of various factors in developing emergency physicians' core competencies, and the findings may provide a reference for future attempts at such competency development.