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- ; This report presents the research of the Peace Capacities Network into the policies and roles of a select group of so-called ‘rising powers’ in international peace operations and UN peacekeeping reform. The case studies are from Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Norway, Russia, South Africa and Turkey.

Mali and Somalia have both suffered determined Islamist-inspired insurgencies, and in both African Union-led peace operations have been a central pillar in political and security stabilization efforts. Despite challenges in transferring lessons between unique situations, the AMISOM experience can offer some useful lessons for Mali. We have identified several themes that helped to drive success for AMISOM, amongst others the determination of troop contributors and their funding partners, and actively pursuing the support of the host population. At the operational and tactical levels, we have highlighted a number of features that has contributed to more effective operations, including a high degree of adaptability, working with allied armed groups and a dogged determination to see the fight through. The next stage for both countries may be the most challenging yet as African Union and United Nations troops are called to keep a complex and fragile peace in Mali and Somalia.

This article explores why international actors assign such high importance to coherence. It argues that the assumptions on which the principle of coherence is based are flawed, and that the empirical and theoretical evidence indicates that there is much less room for coherence than generally acknowledged in the policy debate. It recommends that the international community should lower its expectations and adopt more realistic polices. The current approach tends to put pressure on all partners to adopt a maximal approach to coherence, regardless of their relations to each other and the operational context. Coherence should not be understood as an effort aimed equally at all, nor should all partners be expected to achieve the same level of unity of effort. Coherence should rather be understood as a scale of relationships, and the most appropriate and realistic level of coherence that can be achieved will depend on the exact constellation of organizations in an interdependent relationship in that specific operational context. This article offers a typology of the range of likely relationships, as well as an explanation of the circumstances that may determine the level of coherence that can be realistically expected to develop, depending on the context and the nature of the relationships among the partners. Adapted from source document.

Discusses the "hardware" of peacebuilding -- ie, policy approaches, implementation plans, & monitoring & evaluation mechanisms -- & "software" -- dialogue, supporting political processes, & reconciliation & national healing -- in Africa.

peacebuilding; multilateralism; diplomacy; United Nations

This chapter introduces Complexity and Adaptive Peacebuilding and considers how it contributes to the contemporary hybridity debate. Following a brief introduction to Complexity theory, this chapter explores the utility of a complex systems perspective to expand our understanding of hybrid peacebuilding. Adaptive peacebuilding is then introduced as an approach that can help hybrid peacebuilding cope with the uncer- tainty dilemma that is a characteristic of complex social systems, as well as manage the relational dimension of hybrid peacebuilding through a collaborative approach. ; publishedVersion

This edited volume explores what is new and innovative about the peacebuilding approach of key actors (Brazil, India, Indonesia, South Africa, and Turkey) from the Global South. The results of these peacebuilding efforts by rising Global South powers are compared with each other and to approaches by Western donors and international organizations. The case studies explore whether the evidence shows that these approaches provide successful and alternative approaches to peacebuilding. Essentially, the book concludes that there are lessons to be learned from the peacebuilding approaches of these rising powers. Peacebuilding is both defined and applied differently than how Western powers and international agencies generally frame and implement peacebuilding interventions and programming. ; The African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes; The Centre for Strategic and International Studies in Jakarta; The Istanbul Policy Center; The Norwegian Institute of International Affairs; The School of International Service of American University; The United Service Institution of India

This open access book responds to the urgent need to improve how we prevent and resolve conflict. It introduces Adaptive Peacebuilding through evidence-based research from eight case studies across Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America. It also considers how China and Japan view and practice peacebuilding. The book focuses on how peacebuilders design, implement and evaluate programs to sustain peace, how interactions between external and local actors have facilitated or hindered peacemaking, and how adaptation to complexity and uncertainty occurred in each case study.

Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Praise for Sustainable Development Goals Series -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Adaptive Mediation and Conflict Resolution in Contemporary and Future Armed Conflicts -- Adaptive Mediation and Conflict Resolution Amid Increasing Uncertainty -- The Structure of the Book -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Adaptive Mediation -- Complexity -- Systems -- Nonlinearity -- Self-Organization -- Implications of Complexity for Mediation and Conflict Resolution -- Conflict Analysis -- Planning -- Management and Coordination -- Facilitating a Self-Organizing Mediation Process -- Evaluation -- Implications for the Ethics of Mediation and Conflict Resolution -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Adaptive Mediation in Colombia: Toward Institutional Capacity Building Amid Complexity and Uncertainty -- Introduction -- Colombia's Complexity Within an Adapting System -- Adaptiveness Within Colombia's Domestic Mediation Experiences -- Toward Institutional Capacity Building (ICB) Within Complexity and Uncertainty -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Peacemaking from Within: Adaptive Mediation of Direct Dialogue in Mozambique's New Peace Process (2013-2019) -- Introduction -- Domestic Mediation Without External Process Facilitation -- Standard High-Level International Mediation -- Adaptive Mediation as Process-Facilitation of Direct Dialogue -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Adapting from Outsider to Insider Mediation in the Bangsamoro Peace Process, Southern Philippines -- Introduction -- Literature Review and Problem Statement -- Research Design (Method and Analyses) -- Overview of the Mindanao Context: Conflict, Violence, and the Peace Process -- Multilayered Mediation for Bangsamoro.

This open access book introduces adaptive mediation as an alternative approach that enables mediators to go beyond liberal peace mediation, or other determined-design models of mediation, in the context of contemporary conflict resolution and peace-making initiatives. Adaptive mediation is grounded in complexity theory, and is specifically designed to cope with highly dynamic conflict situations characterized by uncertainty and a lack of predictability. It is also a facilitated mediation process whereby the content of agreements emerges from the parties to the conflict themselves, informed by the context within which the conflict is situated. This book presents the core principles and practices of adaptive mediation in conjunction with empirical evidence from four diverse case studies – Colombia, Mozambique, The Philippines, and Syria – with a view to generate recommendations for how mediators can apply adaptive mediation approaches to resolve and transform contemporary and future armed conflicts.

This edited volume offers a thorough review of peacekeeping theory and reality in contemporary contexts, and aligns the two to help inform practice. Recent United Nations peacekeeping operations have challenged the traditional peacekeeping principles of consent, impartiality and the minimum use of force. The pace and scope of these changes have now reached a tipping point, as the new mandates are fundamentally challenging the continued validity of the UN peacekeeping's core principles and identity. In response the volume analyses the growing gap between these actual practices and existing UN peacekeeping doctrine, exploring how it undermines the effectiveness of UN operations, and endangers lives, arguing that a common doctrine is a critical starting point for effective multi-national operations.