Suchergebnisse

pt. 1. Neighborhood: family and community as supports. Between a rock and a hard place: the labyrinth of working and parenting in a poor community / Sharon Hicks-Bartlett ; Communal isolation: narrowing the pathways to goal attainment and work / Gina Barclay-McLaughlin ; Negotiating adolescence in a Black middle-class neighborhood / Mary Pattillo-McCoy -- pt. 2. Employment: from removing barriers to coping with obstacles. Dreamkeeping in the inner city: diminishing the divide between aspirations and expectations / Carla O'Connor ; On the outside looking in: low-income Black men's conceptions of work opportunity and the good job / Alford A. Young, Jr. ; Black male employment and self-sufficiency / Andrew L. Reaves -- pt. 3. Parenting: from enforcing responsibility to enabling care. Mother, worker, welfare recipient: welfare reform and the multiple roles of low-income women / Ariel Kalil [and others] ; Work preparation and labor market experiences among the urban, poor, nonresident fathers / Waldo E. Johnson, Jr. -- Conclusion. Social contexts in the making of public policy / Ann Chih Lin

Although Hurricane Katrina generated a compassionate public response
toward those affected, it did not lead to a serious discourse about the
nature of poverty in America, nor did it lead policymakers to re-examine
antipoverty policies. In this paper, we present data on long-run trends in
the economic status of African Americans and Whites. We demonstrate that
even though earnings are lower and poverty rates are higher for African
Americans than for Whites, the economic experiences of poor Americans have
been similar over the last three decades. The period since the early 1970s
has been an era of slow growth in median earnings for all workers and
falling real earnings for less-educated men. Although the economy has
generated increasing economic hardship for less-educated workers,
antipoverty policies have not taken up the slack. If the United States had
in place a more comprehensive safety net, the effects of Hurricane Katrina
on the poor would have been smaller than they were. We discuss a series of
policies that address the broad poverty problem that persists. However,
since these safety net reforms are not likely to be implemented, we also
propose a "disaster-assistance safety net" that could better
serve the poor in the aftermath of any future natural or other
disaster.

Since the passage of federal welfare reform in late 1996, 15 states have passed welfare residency requirements that restrict cash assistance to new migrants, an indication that welfare-induced migration concerns state policymakers. Models of state welfare policy making assume that states compete in a "race-to-the-bottom" over the generosity of their welfare policies, where neighboring states continuously reduce benefit levels in reaction to one another. This paper analyzes longitudinal data on individual-level migration among single-parent families & estimates the extent to which these families make interstate moves to states with higher benefit levels. We find that relatively few single-parent households make interstate moves & that welfare benefits are not a significant determinant of them. We discuss the implications of these findings for models of state welfare policy making. 5 Tables, 2 Appendixes, 42 References. Adapted from the source document.

Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Introduction: The Evolution of Poverty and Antipoverty Policy -- I. Trends and Determinants of Poverty, Inequality, and Mobility -- 1. The Level, Trend, and Composition of Poverty -- 2. Changes in Family Structure: Implications for Poverty and Related Policy -- 3. The Rising Tide Lifts ...? -- 4. Mobility, Persistence, and the Consequences of Poverty for Children: Child and Adult Outcomes -- 5. U. S. Poverty in a Cross-national Context -- II. The Evolution of Antipoverty Policies -- 6. The Evolution of Income Support Policy in Recent Decades -- 7. Welfare Policy in Transition: Redefining the Social Contract for Poor Citizen Families with Children and for Immigrants -- 8. Health Policies for the Non-elderly Poor -- 9. Investing in the Future: Reducing Poverty Through Human Capital Investments -- III. Neighborhoods, Groups, and Communities -- 10. Housing Discrimination and Residential Segregation as Causes of Poverty -- 11 The Memberships Theory of Poverty: The Role of Group Affiliations in Determining Socioeconomic Outcomes -- 12 Community Revitalization, Jobs and the Well-being of the Inner-City Poor -- IV Concluding Thoughts -- 13 Politics, Race, and Poverty Research -- 14 Poverty Research and Antipoverty Policy After the Technological Revolution -- 15 Research on Poverty and Antipoverty Policies -- Notes -- References -- Index.

Objectives. Since the implementation of the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, many analysts have attempted to measure the effects of new state welfare policies, particularly work requirements, sanctions, and time limits, on the Act's key goals—reducing cash assistance caseloads and increasing employment among single mothers. De Jong et al. present new measures of state policy variations, but they do not attempt to evaluate the relationships between these measures and welfare reform outcomes. For their analysis to be meaningful, it should contribute to a better understanding of cross‐state variations in caseload declines and increased employment among single mothers.Methods. We first raise conceptual questions about the extent to which their measures are meaningful in a policy sense. We then present analyses of Current Population Survey data.Results. We find that differences in the De Jong et al. stringency measures (factor scores) are not significantly correlated with differences in welfare reform outcomes by state.

Objectives: Since the implementation of the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, many analysts have attempted to measure the effects of new state welfare policies, particularly work requirements, sanctions, and time limits, on the Act's key goals-reducing cash assistance caseloads and increasing employment among single mothers. De Jong et al. present new measures of state policy variations, but they do not attempt to evaluate the relationships between these measures and welfare reform outcomes. For their analysis to be meaningful, it should contribute to a better understanding of cross-state variations in caseload declines and increased employment among single mothers. Methods: We first raise conceptual questions about the extent to which their measures are meaningful in a policy sense. We then present analyses of Current Population Survey data. Results: We find that differences in the De Jong et al. stringency measures (factor scores) are not significantly correlated with differences in welfare reform outcomes by state. Tables, Figures, References. Adapted from the source document.