Suchergebnisse

Through data envelope analysis, this article finds that the innovation efficiency of China's three regions is shrinking. From the perspective of Chinese fiscal federalism, we try to study the influence of two forms of local government competition (vertical competition and horizontal competition) on regional innovation efficiency. We find that both fiscal decentralization and competition among local governments effectively promote regional innovation efficiency, while there is no effective interaction mechanism between them. The attitude of local governments toward scientific and technological (S&T) activities also directly affects the efficiency of regional innovation. From the top of policy design, in order to establish a national innovation system and improve innovation efficiency, appropriate fiscal autonomy should be granted to local governments. Suggestions include that local governments should strengthen S&T activities and cooperate with each other, which is an important S&T policy guidance for central government in the future.

In this paper, we use the '2002 Chinese Household Income Project Survey'(CHIPS2002) data to examine how heterogeneous social interactions affect the peer effect in the rural-urban migration decision in China. We find that the peer effect, measured by the village migration ratio, significantly increases the individual probability of outward migration. We also find that the magnitude of the peer effect is nonlinear, depending on the strength and type of social interactions with other villagers. Interactions in infirmation sharing can increase the magnitude of the peer effect, while interactions in mutual help in labor activities, such as help in housing construction, nursing and firm work in busy seasons, will impede the positive role of the peer effect. Being aware of the simultaneity bias caused by the two-way causality between social interaction strengths and migration, we utilize 'historical family political identity in land refirm?as an instrumental variable for social interactions. However, the hypothesis that probit and instrumental-variable probit results are not significantly different is not rejected. The existence of a nonlinear peer effect has rich policy implications. For policy makers to encourage rural-urban migration, it is feasible to increase education investment in rural areas or increase infirmation sharing among rural residents. However, only an increase in the constant tfirm in the regression, i.e. a 'big push?in improving institutions for migration, can help rural Chinese residents escape the low equilibrium in migration.