Suchergebnisse

Volume 1, Cebri ; The author proposes in this paper a new framework for the analysis of civil – military relations in the U.S. and applies it to the use of private security contractors, mainly in Iraq. He argues that the academic literature on civil – military relations in the U.S. is not well focused as it concentrates exclusively on control, and is thus totally marginal to the contemporary debates on the use of force to achieve national goals. He illustrates this point by looking to the most serious national defense reform initiatives from the Goldwater – Nichols Defense Reorganization Act of 1986 up until the current major effort, the Project on National Security Reform. He then applies this framework to the use of private security contractors (PSC) and finds that they are problematic both in terms of control and effectiveness.

Paper Prepared for Panel on "New Approaches to the Analysis of Civil – Military Relations and Security Sector Reform" Annual Convention, International Studies Association, New Orleans, Friday 19 February, 2010, 3:45 pm ; This paper discusses democratization and a new understanding of civil - military relations.

Research Paper No. #12 ; A Civil-military relation is a poorly defined concept in the academic literature and in popular usage. This paper begins with a conceptualization of civil-military relations as a trinity of dimensions including democratic civilian control, effectiveness in the achievement of roles and missions, and efficiency in the use of resources. Six roles and missions are specified and three different entities – the armed forces, police, and intelligence agencies – are defined as the instruments of security. The paper then highlights the ongoing tensions with regard to democratic civilian control: that chief executives in Latin America are able to fire ministers of defense and senior officers. What is generally lacking, however, in all but a few countries, are institutional mechanisms and sufficient personnel to manage security and defense issues in a routine manner. Just as important, the vast majority of Latin American countries lack the required instruments – strategies, institutions, and resource allocations – to achieve effectiveness. A few countries, including Argentina, Chile, and Colombia, however, are seeking to increase effectiveness through reforms in professional military education.

Armed Forces and Society: New Challenges and Environments / International Political Science Association Research Committee 24 ; The existence of a ministry of defense (MOD) is an important basic indicator of the quality of civilmilitary relations in a country. Although some of these ministries are hardly more than facades, with no power whatsoever, others have assumed increasingly important roles as catalysts and platforms for the consolidation of democratic civil-military relations. This paper explains why they are created and identifies those conditions and actions necessary for the ministries to formulate effective and efficient defense strategies while ensuring democratic civilian control.

The article of record as published may be located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850600701854094 ; Several countries in South America have recently undertaken reforms of their intelligence systems, and other countries in the region are now beginning similar reforms. While in most cases the initial motivation was to bring the intelligence agencies under democratic civil control as one of the last phases of democratic consolidation, civilian governments and military leaders are today increasingly motivated to reform their intelligence systems in order to better respond to threats from organized crime and terrorism.

v.6, issue 3 (May 2007) ; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

This article appeared in Strategic Insights, v.5, issue 2 (February 2006) ; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

This article argues for a new focus in the study of civil-military relations. It seeks to provide civilian policymakers with ideas and information to help them best carry out their responsibilities as democratically elected leaders. Referring to knowledge of military matters as "one big thing," it argues that it is not necessary for policymakers to know as much about matters of defense as their military counterparts. Based on the academic literature and the author's experience in Latin America and other regions, this article suggests that civil-military relations are best understood in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and civilian control of the armed forces. These relations will only be effectively normalized when institutions incorporate and personalize understanding and mechanisms of control at both executive and legislative levels.

The Center for Civil-Military Relations in Monterey, California, helps nations resolve issues resulting from defense transformation, stability and support operations, terrorism, and other security challenges. In the past two years, the Center has helped educate almost 7,000 foreign military officers and civilians in programs conducted in host countries and in the United States.

This article appeared in Strategic Insights (March 2003), v.2 no.3 ; One year after the formal end of the failed peace process which had been initiated by President Andres Pastrana in 1998, it is possible to take stock of the situation of conflict in Colombia and the prospects for the future. The government of President Alvaro Uribe, who took office on August 7, 2002, is seeking to end the conflict by fighting the terrorists to force them to negotiate. To reach this point required serious modifications in domestic and international politics. This document explains why ongoing changes in domestic politics, including in Colombian civil-military relations, are required to keep pursuing this strategy.

Occasional Paper ; The very existence of a ministry of defense (MOD) is an important basic indicator of the overall situation of civil-military relations in a country. Although some of these ministries are but hollow shells with no power whatsoever, others have assumed increasingly important roles as catalysts and platforms in consolidating democratic civil – military relations. This paper situates the founding and development of ministries of defense in historical context, namely the current era of democratization at the end of the Cold War; explains why they are created; and identifies conditions and actions required for the ministries to fulfill major roles and responsibilities in achieving effective and efficient defense while also ensuring democratic civilian control. ; The Center for Civil-Military Relations

In Spanish, English version also available by searching: Ministries of Defense and Democratic Civil-Military Relations, Occasional Paper ; La sola existencia de un ministerio de defensa (MOD por sus siglas en inglés) es un indicador importante de la existencia de relaciones cívico-militares en un país. A pesar de que algunos de estos ministerios no son sino cascarones vacíos sin poder alguno, otros han ido adquiriendo un papel cada vez más importante como catalizadores y plataformas en la consolidación de relaciones cívico-militares democráticas. Este documento ubica los cimientos y el desarrollo de los ministerios de defensa en un contexto histórico, a saber, la actual era de democratización después del fin de la Guerra Fría; explica por qué fueron creados e identifica, de igual manera, las condiciones y acciones necesarias para que los ministerios cumplan con su papel y responsabilidades principales, consistentes en el logro de una defensa eficaz y eficiente que asegure, al mismo tiempo, un democrático control civil.