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IntroductionLittle is known about HIV testing, HIV infection and sexual behaviour among bathhouse patrons in China. This study aims to assess differences in HIV prevalence and high‐risk sexual behaviours between repeat and first‐time testers among men who have sex with men (MSM) attending bathhouse in Tianjin, China.MethodsBetween March 2011 and September 2012, a HIV voluntary counselling and testing station was established in a gay bathhouse, which provided HIV testing and conducted a survey among participants recruited through snowball sampling. Differences in demographic and high‐risk sexual behaviours between repeat and first‐time testers were assessed using the chi‐square test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors for HIV infection.ResultsOf the 1642 respondents, 699 (42.6%) were repeat testers and 943 (57.4%) were first‐time testers. Among repeat testers, a higher proportion were men aged 18 to 25, single, better educated, had a history of STIs and worked as male sex workers or "money boys" (MBs). Repeat testers were less likely to report having unprotected anal intercourse in the past six months. The overall HIV prevalence was 12.4% (203/1642). There was no difference in HIV prevalence between repeat (11.2%, 78/699) and first‐time (13.3%, 125/943) testers. The HIV prevalence increased with age among first‐time testers (, p=0.002). First‐time MB testers had the highest HIV prevalence of 34.5%.ConclusionsMSM attending bathhouse had an alarmingly high HIV infection rate, particularly in MB. Targeted interventions are urgently needed especially focusing on older MSM and MBs.

Magnetic fields are proposed to have played a critical role in some of the most enigmatic processes of planetary formation by mediating the rapid accretion of disk material onto the central star and the formation of the first solids. However, there have been no experimental constraints on the intensity of these fields. Here we show that dusty olivine-bearing chondrules from the Semarkona meteorite were magnetized in a nebular field of 54 ± 21 μT. This intensity supports chondrule formation by nebular shocks or planetesimal collisions rather than by electric currents, the x-wind, or other mechanisms near the sun. This implies that background magnetic fields in the terrestrial planet-forming region were likely 5-54 μT, which is sufficient to account for measured rates of mass and angular momentum transport in protoplanetary disks. ; Thomas F. Peterson ; United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA Origins Program)) ; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.) (U.S. Rosetta Project) ; National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Graduate Research Fellowship Program) ; United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA Solar System Exploration and Research Virtual Institute)) ; European Union (European Research Council, Seventh Framework Programme) ; Leverhulme Trust ; United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Hubble Fellowship) ; United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA QuASAR program) ; National Science Foundation (U.S.)