Search results

This is an open access book. Wael B. Hallaq, a renowned sharia scholar, has called sharia an 'episteme' that suffered a 'structural death' following the dawn of modernity in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (Hallaq 2009, 15–16). Yet, its resurgent is remarkable across a number of jurisdictional fault-lines: from Muslim-majority nations in Middle East and Southeast Asia to Muslim-minority societies in Western Europe and North America. Across these jurisdictions, the relationship between sharia and state law is central. It includes sharia-state encounters, notably in the form of (state) Islamic law, in the field of family law, which is often asserted as the 'core' or 'last stronghold' of sharia (Moors 2003, 2; Coulson 1969, 115–6), and other substantive areas of law, such as Islamic economics and Islamic philanthropy and also jinayah (Islamic penal law). Regardless of their differences in their own specific context, these areas somehow manage to secure an importance place in the modern days. It involves different loci of authority to interpret, legislate, and enforce sharia, or parts of it that not only flourish but also being challenged around the Muslim world. Equally important are implications of the increasingly unsettled authority of apparently agreed-upon substance of sharia. To contribute on these issues, we would like to invite scholars from diverse discipline including law, anthropology, and Islamic studies, working in both Muslim-majority and Muslim-minority contexts, to present their works in our International Seminar on Sharia, Law, and Muslim Society (ISSLaMS).

The article discusses the phenomenon of "Digital Universityˮ. The goal is to identify the essence of this concept, its content, as well as the criteria for transformation into a digital university. The article outlines the problems of transformation and its ways. Digitalization, like any phenomenon, is multifaceted and can have both positive and negative effects on the educational process and the quality of education. The study conducted by the authors made it possible to describe in detail the key characteristics of a digital university, which has the features of a research organization, an educational organization, an IT company, information banks / knowledge repositories and marketing organizations.

Background: Studies had reported an increasing trend of coronary artery disease (CAD) cases in the military population. However, the severity of the CAD among different military rank is yet to be studied. The Gensini scoring system as a popular and developed objective method to quantify the CAD severity through the coronary an giographic findings. Material and Method: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, researchers consecutively enrol a consecutive total of 171 patients referred to the Indonesian Navy Hospital of Dr Ramelan, who underwent elective coronary angiography from January to June 2019. Researchers divided the study population into three groups of low-rank military personnel, high-rank military personnel, and the civilian. Anthropometric, laboratory finding, and Gensini score were obtained from medical records. Results: This research found that Post-hoc LSD test analysis showed the average score of Gensini Score of high-rank military personnel (18.39 ± 32.71) is significantly lower than both low-rank (32.76 ± 41.84; p=0.031) and civilian (36.08 ± 43.41; p=0.005). Conclusions: High-rank military personnel was found to have lower Gensini score compared to low-rank and civilian.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the Islamic intellectual tradition from the point of view of the possibility of correlating it with the social and hu­manitarian aspects of science, formed in the traditions of European culture. The reason for this study was postmodernist interpretations of the processes of the Islamization of knowledge as ways to overcome the dichotomy of science and religion. These interpretations are based on the social, in fact, idea of the civilizational identity of Muslims living and working today in European countries (including those working in the field of science) and Muslims of the traditional Islamic East. The authors, however, associate the prospects of a re­newed interpretation of the Islamic scientific tradition with the possibility of its rethinking in the context of the post-nonclassical concept of scientific rationality. This concept makes it possible to overcome the interpretation of "western" and "eastern" knowledge, which reaches the point of opposition. Such a rethinking is unfolding today, in particular, in the course of the reinterpretation of historically established Islamized intellectual trends. The authors come to the conclusion: the Islamization of education in the East, begun by 9th century intellectuals (primar­ily from among the Muslim Ummah) on the didactic foundations laid down in the Qur'an and Sunnah, implied a rethinking of the cultural status of various fields of knowledge from the standpoint of the corresponding value orientations, which, in principle does not contradict the modern understanding of science as an axiologically oriented system. The very possibility of this kind of correlation of the value aspects of knowledge opposes the "scientific marginalization" of Is­lam and presupposes the delineation of the semantic content of Islam as a cul­tural regulator that also orientates science and Islam as a system of rigid reli­gious ideas.

Since January 2019, Kazakhstan has been evacuating its citizens from the terrorism-affected area in Syria and Iraq. Yet, three years later, rehabilitation and reintegration proved ineffective especially in regards of women and children. The programme faces a number of obstacles, i.e. shortages of qualified professional personnel and underdevelopment of the indicators; capacity deficit in tackling domestic and financial problems of the repatriated persons; safety and stigmatization of the returned women. The article is focused on the shortcomings of the information and awareness-raising component of the programme. The content analysis of the materials from the printed and social media revealed the limitations of the measures aimed at repatriation and rehabilitation of the persons evacuated from the terrorism-affected areas who are still regarded as 'posing security threat' by ordinary people. Public condemnation and resentment have an anti-therapeutic effect and complicate reintegration of such women and children. Moreover, the findings of the expert survey indicate that the gender factor has been neglected and de-radicalization measures aimed at repatriated women - including so-called 'theological correction' - are similar to those applied while working with male inmates in the penitentiary facilities in Kazakhstan. These have also been proved ineffective. The author concludes that the acute shortcomings in the rehabilitation programme may result in re-radicalization of the repatriated women.

Introduction. The functioning of the social infrastructure of industrial enterprises of the Soviet rear is of research interest to understand the sources of the victory of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War. Methods and Materials. The source base of the study is represented by documents from the central and local archives of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan, most of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In the course of the study, a modernization methodological approach was applied, historical-comparative and historical-genetic research methods were used. Analysis. The article deals with management mechanisms and characterizes the objects of social infrastructure of industrial enterprises of the military complex of the USSR with the example of defense enterprises of such front and rear regions as Stalingrad, Chelyabinsk region and Kazakhstan with regard to the period 1941–1945. The difficulties of functioning of working hostels, health centers, nurseries, canteens, subsidiary farms, caused by extreme conditions of wartime and a general lack of material and financial resources, are shown. Results. During the analysis, it was possible to establish regional differences in the activities of social infrastructure facilities, violations of the principle of social justice and unsatisfactory quality of social services provided were noted. Using the example of three regions of the USSR, the conclusion is made about the importance of social policy at industrial enterprises for improving production discipline and the survival of workers. Authors' contribution. M.N. Potemkina analyzed the documents of the Joint State Archive of the Chelyabinsk region, developed the methodological foundations of the study, formulated the main results; R.S. Zharkynbayeva analyzed archival sources from the Archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which allowed to determine the regional features of the social infrastructure of industrial enterprises. E.V. Anufrieva participated in identifying documents from the archives of the Volgograd region and writing the final text.

The article presents the outcomes of the multidisciplinary research on the Berel kurgan no. 11 (4th—3rd centuries BC). Thanks to the permafrost lens, horse remains and organic objects were kept in the mound in perfect condition, which enabled the researchers to carry out a number of specific studies, including the palynological study of the contents of digestive tracts of 7 horses. General results of the implemented paleozoological studies of horse remains are described in the paper as well as decoration of the animals. The palynological analysis of the horse digestive tracts led to identification of 2 types of palynocomplexes: 1 — characterized by high pollen content of ligneous and early flowering herbaceous plants, sporadic fern and ground-pines; 2 — has a rich pollen composition made of herbaceous plants, common for steppe piedmonts of the Altay. These palynocomplex features might pertain to differences in the mountain pastures conditioned by the vertical zonality. Comparison of flowering dates of pollen-defined plants allowed suggesting the burial's probable season. In the course of the burial, the horse bodies were covered with birch bark and branches of prairieweed, which could serve the purpose of sealing and embalming the objects and, hence, indicate the fact that ancient nomads were familiar with the aseptic and tanning properties of the plants. In general, horses were selected according to certain criteria for the accompanying burial, which is consistent with obtained results of the present palynological and palaeozoological studies.