Suchergebnisse

DUKE:
Her madness hath the oddest frame of sense,Such a dependency of thing on thing,As e'er I heard in madness.ISABEL:
O a gracious Duke,Harp not on that! nor do not banish reasonFor inequality, but let your reason serveTo make the truth appear where it seems hidAnd hide the false seems true!Shakespeare, Measure for MeasureThe study of the distribution of income summarizes a nation's social organization and the outcome of the forces of social change. The measurement of income distribution itself yields a type of social scorecard, the resolution of claims by competing groups for the economy's output. As an indication of social justice, income distribution measures as well the extent to which different groups share in a nation's economic progress.

"To conventional macroeconomic disequilibriums, such as fiscal and external crises, Figueroa adds the idea of a distributive crisis. After a theoretical discussion, Figueroa applies his model to the Peruvian crisis, which he assumes is based on a distributive crisis. Concludes that the country will not solve its economic problems until the distributive crisis is resolved. 'But, as Keynes used to say...by then we might all be dead...'"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57

The purpose of this survey of the literature on poverty in Peru is to contribute to universal and interdisciplinary understanding, while at the same time giving due weight to discipline-specific contributions. The first three sections review relevant literature on Peru by economists, social anthropologists and sociologists. The strict positivism of much economic literature renders it susceptible to neglect power relations and assume a benign and universal process of modernization. Anthropologists have revealed the importance of local cultural identity, but at the risk of downplaying universal dimensions of well-being. Sociologists struggle to reconcile a universal analysis of class structure with renewed emphasis on individual and collective agency in adversity. The last section puts forward an integrating theoretical framework centred on the concepts of inclusion and exclusion. In contrast to the 'tragic optimism' of Sender this theory of social exclusion can best be summed up as 'constructive pessimism'.