Suchergebnisse

Climate change has become one of the most imperative problems of this century. Climate change is a grave global threat, and Pakistan has been ranked eighth on the list of countries most vulnerable to climate change by the German watch Global Climate Risk Index. The increasing amount of carbon dioxide (CO2), the foremost contributor to environmental degradation, seems to provoke this problem. Agriculture-based economies have always been dependent on the vagaries of nature and climate. Present study analyses the climate change, environmental degradation, input index and economic growth impact on crops production in Pakistanfrom 1977 to 2016. Our study employsAuto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) to check the long run association among the variables. The results shows that positive association among climate change and crops production in the longrun.On the behalf of results policymakers must drive attention to adopt advanced cultivation processes using farming practice through international research institutions' assistance to further improve crops production in Pakistan.

Since its inception, ASEAN has constantly faced criticism from western countries and international human rights organizations. This paper particularly focuses on ASEAN human rights and non-interference policy. ASEAN has established two new commissions: Intergovernmental Human Rights Commission and Protection of Women and Children. This study focuses on the current state of human rights in ASEAN and addresses the following key questions: how ASEAN deals with human rights problems? Why ASEAN response to human rights has been considered as insufficient to handle/tackle human rights problems effectively? Hence, a qualitative approach was applied to this study using secondary sources of data. This study is based on thorough literature review and critical analysis of ASEAN human rights situation, by reviewing the relevant studies on human rights challenges in ASEAN, and its strategies in tackling this challenge. This study concludes that although the problem of human rights is recognized as per national, regional and international laws, but the challenge to implement them in letter and spirit require more concrete step at regional level on behalf of ASEAN, however, Non-intervention policy is a serious challenge to collective decision making on ASEAN human rights. Therefore, ASEAN needs to setup a mechanism where the member states can find common ground to handle human rights challenge.

Globalization has contributed to several advances in technology including linking people around the globe and driving us to modern economies. With fast economic growth and industrialization progress, the negative impact of globalization on biodiversity can be easily ignored. Globalization is an undeniable factor in our planetary devastation from pollution to global warming and climate change. The major intention of our recent analysis was to examine the globalization, energy consumption, trade, economic growth, and fuel importation to determine the ecological footprint in Pakistan by taking the annual data variables from 1974–2017. A linear ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) technique with limited information maximum likelihood and linear Gaussian model estimation were utilized to check the variables association. Outcomes show that in the long run, globalization, energy usage, trade, and GDP growth have consistently productive interactions with the ecological footprint, while an examination of fuel importation uncovers an adversative linkage to impacts on the ecological footprint in Pakistan. Similarly, the findings of short-run interactions also reveal that globalization, energy usage, trade, and GDP growth have constructive linkages; however, an examination of fuel importation also uncovers an adversative linkage to impacts on the ecological footprint. The outcomes of limited information maximum likelihood also expose that the variables of globalization, energy usage, trade, and fuel importation have productive linkages, while an examination the GDP growth uncovers an adversative linkage to the ecological footprint. Furthermore, the outcomes of the linear Gaussian model estimation also uncover that globalization and energy usage demonstrate a constructive linkage, while other variables reveal an adverse linkage to the ecological footprint. Environmental pollution is now an emerging issue which causes the climatic variations associated with greenhouse gases emissions. The Pakistani government must adopt new ...

Monetary management is an essential part of the objectives of Shari'ah under the umbrella of the preservation of wealth (Ma'al). Our primary sources: Qur'an and Sunn'ah, provide divine legislation on the prohibition of Riba to manage bases of monetary transaction. Further, the juristic tools facilitate scholars to propose solutions to meet the emerging issues on diversified aspects of society. Muslim scholars have always adapted and contributed to the Islamic finance system and regulation, theoretically and practically. In recent decades, Islamic banking and finance has seen strong momentum with double digit growth, fulfilling the monetary requirement of depositors on the liability side along with industry on the asset side. We seek to review the theoretical and empirical literature on Islamic monetary mangement. Monetary management in the Islamic economic context is still an area that needs more research. This paper examines how literature has been developed over time up until modern Islamic economic and banking practices. The findings suggest that Islamic monetary management has been gradually developed in recent years and such development is remarkable steps forward in pursuing Islamic monetary policy independently. In addition, Islamic monetary policy is proved to be relatively more effective compared to interest based conventional monetary policy. The implications of such findings have established new milestones for the central banks of all the countries, including the muslim majority countries for pursuing interest free Islamic monetary policy with full confidence. Furthermore, there are four major views on Islamic monetary policy and the central banks of the world should choose one of the best methods and views for the greater effectiveness of monetary policy because conventional monetary policy has been less effective in bringing full employment and price stability in recent years and financial crisis has crippled the interest based conventional economic systems quite badly.