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In: Reforming the World Trading SystemLegitimacy, Efficiency, and Democratic Governance, S. 317-334
In: NEGOTIATING HEALTH: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND ACCESS TO MEDICINES, p. 27, P. Roffe, G. Tansey and D. Vivas-Eugui, eds., Earthscan, 2005
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In: Proceedings of the annual meeting / American Society of International Law, Band 98, S. 95-99
ISSN: 2169-1118
In: BATTLING HIV/AIDS: A DECISION MAKER'S GUIDE TO THE PROCUREMENT OF MEDICINES AND RELATED SUPPLIES, pp. 11-20, 105-129, Y. Tayler, ed., World Bank, 2004
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In: TRIPS – UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT (UNCTAD), COURSE ON DISPUTE SETTLEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INVESTMENT AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, United Nations Publication, 2003
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In: in TRADING IN KNOWLEDGE 36-44 (eds. C Bellman, G. Dutfield & R.Melédez-Ortiz 2003) (Earthscan)
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In: Quaker United Nations Office (Geneva)(QUNO), Occasional Paper No. 11, July 2003
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In: HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE, p. 279, T. Cottier, J. Pauwelyn & E. Bürgi, eds., Oxford University Press, 2003
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In: Proceedings of the annual meeting / American Society of International Law, Band 96, S. 121-128
ISSN: 2169-1118
In: International organization, Band 54, Heft 3, S. 519-547
ISSN: 1531-5088
I examine the trend toward using hard legal instruments in international trade governance and explain this trend in the context of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). I suggest that hard law (1) reduces intergovernmental transaction costs, (2) reduces private risk premiums associated with trade and investment, (3) promotes transparency and provides corollary participation benefits, (4) tends to restrain strategic political behaviors, and (5) may increase the range of integration effects by encouraging private actors to enforce intergovernmental obligations. I compare the legalization model of NAFTA with those of the European Union (EU) and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum.
In: 69th Conference of the International Law Association, July 2000
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In: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: TRADE, COMPETITION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, pp. 177-188, T. Cottier, P. Mavroidis and M. Pannizon, eds., Univ. Michigan Press, World Trade Forum Series Nr. 3, 2001
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In: Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, Vol. 23, pgs. 303-309 (2000)
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In: International organization, Band 54, Heft 3, S. 519-548
ISSN: 0020-8183
In: International Organization, Band 54, Heft 3
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