Suburbane Räume sind permanente Problemräume, dynamische Gestaltungsräume und Übergangslandschaften zwischen agrarisch-forstlichen Landschaften und urbanen (Kern-)Landschaften, deren beider Eigenschaften sie enthalten. Daraus entsteht ein spezifisches Ökosysteminventar, das aus historischen Reliktnutzungen geringer Nutzungsintensität und Umbruchsfrequenz einerseits und andererseits aus urbanen Versatzelementen wie Einkaufszentren, Gewerbegebieten, Wohnanlagen etc. besteht. Bodenversiegelung und Landschaftszerschneidung führen tendenziell zur Isolation verbliebener Natur-Resträume und zum Verlust von den durch sie getragenen Ökosystem- Dienstleistungen.In einer ökologisch-planerischen Perspektive sollten die oftmals noch teilweise vorhandenen Ökosystem-Dienstleistungen im suburbanen Raum erkannt, quantifiziert und bewertet werden. Dies sind Unterstützungs- (Biodiversität), Bereitstellungs- (Nahrungsmittelproduktion), Regulations- (z.B. Klimaausgleichsfunktion) und Kulturfunktionen z.B. Erholung). Dafür können ökologische Prinzipien, Strategien und Leitbilder für eine bewusst gestaltete suburbane Kulturlandschaft angewandt werden und damit kann aus dem "Zufallsprodukt" suburbane Kulturlandschaft eine Leistungsträger-Landschaft für den suburbanen Raum selbst und die benachbarten Räume, besonders für die Stadt(kern)landschaft, entstehen.
A city is a complex creation, not only urban, occupying a specific space, but above all a collection of various socio-economic relations placed in space. The influence of space with the quality of these relations (created during the transformation under the influence of the global neoliberal economy) on shaping the space is unquestionable, hence the growing importance of sociology and sociologists in attempts to define the city and its development. The article is a voice in the discussion about the development of Warsaw, which was launched by the book Joanna Kusiak Chaos Warsaw. Spatial orders of Polish capitalism.
Soil, as the primary receptor of anthropogenic urban contamination acts as a sink for a variety of toxic and other hazardous substances. It constitutes, therefore, an indicator of contamination and may be utilised geochemically to assess environmental quality of urban and suburban areas. In Nafplion, an urban and suburban area of 50 km2 , was investigated using for the first time in Hellas an integrated approach with all available geoscientific techniques to make an in-depth environmental impact assessment. One of these techniques was applied geochemistry, which mapped the geochemistry of surface soil (0-10 cm) with 144 samples, collected on a regular grid of 500 x 500 km. The following fifty determinands were measured on the soil samples: Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ge, Hg, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Re, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Ta, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Zn, Zr, pH, electrical conductivity and grain-size distribution. The aim of the geochemical study was to distinguish, as far as possible, the origin of chemical elements, and (i) to classify them as geogenic or anthropogenic; (ii) to delineate contaminated areas, and (iii) to assess potential future impacts of human activities on soil. Interpretation of the resulting geochemical patterns has shown that those of Al, Fe, Be, Ce, Cr, Co, Ga, Ge, K, La, Li, Mg, Nb, Ni, Rb, Sc, Sr, Tl, V, Y, W and Zr are of geogenic origin, since they are directly related to parent rocks, whereas patterns of As, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Cu, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sn, Th, U and Zn are interpreted as being of dual origin, geogenic and anthropogenic. In this paper, the geochemical distribution of only five elements shall be described, i.e., Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and Na. This case study was indeed very interesting, since for the interpretation of some patterns, even the military history of the area had to be unravelled. ; Soil, as the primary receptor of anthropogenic urban contamination acts as a sink for a variety of toxic and other hazardous substances. It constitutes, therefore, an indicator of contamination and may be utilised geochemically to assess environmental quality of urban and suburban areas. In Nafplion, an urban and suburban area of 50 km2 , was investigated using for the first time in Hellas an integrated approach with all available geoscientific techniques to make an in-depth environmental impact assessment. One of these techniques was applied geochemistry, which mapped the geochemistry of surface soil (0-10 cm) with 144 samples, collected on a regular grid of 500 x 500 km. The following fifty determinands were measured on the soil samples: Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ge, Hg, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Re, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Ta, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Zn, Zr, pH, electrical conductivity and grain-size distribution. The aim of the geochemical study was to distinguish, as far as possible, the origin of chemical elements, and (i) to classify them as geogenic or anthropogenic; (ii) to delineate contaminated areas, and (iii) to assess potential future impacts of human activities on soil. Interpretation of the resulting geochemical patterns has shown that those of Al, Fe, Be, Ce, Cr, Co, Ga, Ge, K, La, Li, Mg, Nb, Ni, Rb, Sc, Sr, Tl, V, Y, W and Zr are of geogenic origin, since they are directly related to parent rocks, whereas patterns of As, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Cu, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sn, Th, U and Zn are interpreted as being of dual origin, geogenic and anthropogenic. In this paper, the geochemical distribution of only five elements shall be described, i.e., Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and Na. This case study was indeed very interesting, since for the interpretation of some patterns, even the military history of the area had to be unravelled.
This study is an attempt to understand community participation in an American suburb. The research topic was stimulated by a lack of consensus on the issue. Some authors see substantial civic participation in U.S. suburban areas, while others see the suburbs as civically dead. Based on over 16 months of participant observation in a suburban community outside of San Diego, California, I seek to move the analysis forward by focusing on suburban notions of citizenship. I begin the dissertation with a discussion of how a suburban form of subjectivity developed over the 19th and 20th centuries. I then turn specifically to the suburban neighborhood of Rancho Peñasquitos and investigate the ways in which the space is given meaning as an ideal suburban place. Drawing on Holston's (2001) conception of local citizenship, I argue that residents of this suburb have developed their own form of citizenship that is separate from surrounding conceptions of citizenships. I investigate what this suburban form of citizenship is based on, how it is given legitimacy, and what effect it has on suburban behavior. Finally, I attempt to contextualize the development of suburban citizenship. I argue that the emergence of suburban citizenship is in part based on neoliberal governmental policies that have led to the withdrawal of the state from numerous aspects of suburban life. This leaves suburban residents exposed and unprotected. Suburban citizenships develop to fill the gaps left by neoliberal state. Throughout the dissertation, I pay particular attention to how suburban space is created and defined. An important part of suburban citizenship is based on the exclusion of various groups. These exclusions are hidden behind a discourse that makes the suburbs seem natural. The masking of these exclusions is, however, imperfect. Despite best efforts, the people and things obscured by the suburban discourses break through from time to time. The tensions between ideologies and realities haunt life in the suburbs. I interrogate these contradictions and use them to pry open the suburban discourse, thereby illustrating the ways in which the suburban landscape is created and maintained as a cultural project.
Spätestens seit Thomas Sieverts' vehementem Plädoyer für die Gestaltung der Zwischenstadt ist der Gestaltungsbedarf im näheren und auch im weiteren Umfeld der großen Städte ein Thema, das in Wissenschaft und Praxis hohe Aufmerksamkeit genießt. Der Beitrag will zeigen, dass die Vorstellungen der Regionalplanung zur Steuerung der suburbanen Raumentwicklung weitgehend Kongruenz mit den Zielen einer qualitätsvollen Kulturlandschaftsgestaltung aufweisen. Dies wird an den Beispielen Siedlungsentwicklung und Freiraumsicherung, Einzelhandelsstandorte und Versorgungsstrukturen, Auslastung und Sicherung von Infrastruktureinrichtungen, Bodenabbau, Windenergie sowie Hochwasserschutz belegt. Die Verfasser gehen von einem öffentlichen Gestaltungsanspruch der Kulturlandschaft aus, weswegen sie dafür plädieren, die Möglichkeiten der Regionalplanung zu nutzen. Allerdings setzt die Regionalplanung lediglich einen Rahmen und hat i. d. R. keine Kompetenz für Detailsteuerung und Umsetzung. Außerdem können Gestaltungswille und Gestaltungskraft der Regionalplanung regional variieren. Gleichwohl wird Regionalplanung als unverzichtbarer Bestandteil der Qualitätssicherung der suburbanen Kulturlandschaft gewertet.
Suburban space has traditionally been understood as a formless remnant of physical city expansion, without a dynamic or logic of its own. Suburban Urbanities challenges this view by defining the suburb as a temporally evolving feature of urban growth. Anchored in the architectural research discipline of space syntax, this book offers a comprehensive understanding of urban change, touching on the history of the suburb as well as its current development challenges, with a particular focus on suburban centres. Studies of the high street as a centre for social, economic and cultural exchange provide evidence for its critical role in sustaining local centres over time. Contributors from the architecture, urban design, geography, history and anthropology disciplines examine cases spanning Europe and around the Mediterranean. By linking large-scale city mapping, urban design scale expositions of high street activity and local-scale ethnographies, the book underscores the need to consider suburban space on its own terms as a specific and complex field of social practice.
While North American suburbs remain largely dispersed and auto-dependent, they are also increasingly heterogeneous. Although some suburbs have long been punctuated with high-rise developments, for instance rental apartments in the Canadian context, there are now a growing number of new high-rise condominium developments in suburban settings in both the US and Canada. While much is known about downtown high-rise condominium developments, there has of yet been little to no analysis of this trend in the suburbs. We offer such an analysis using Statistics Canada census data from 2016 in the Toronto metropolitan area. We focus on commuting patterns as an indicator of auto-dependence to test whether suburbs with larger shares of new high-rise condominium apartments (high-rise condo clusters) exhibit lower shares of auto commuting. The focus on auto-dependence is important because development and land use plans commonly use environmental concerns arising from heavy automobile use as a rationale for high-rise development. Our findings suggest that in Toronto suburban high-rise condo clusters offer a less auto-intensive way of living in the suburbs than traditionally has been the case in the suburban ownership market. However, this seems to be limited to particular demographic groups, such as smaller households; and suburban high-rise condos are not an evident sign of a broader transition toward suburban sustainability among the population as a whole in the Toronto case. The potential for transitions toward suburban sustainability could be enhanced with greater investments in transit infrastructure and building higher density mid-rise and ground-oriented dwellings that accommodate larger households still commonly found in low-density, auto-dependent suburbs.
Der Beitrag behandelt den Begriff des suburbanen Raums aus einer epistemologischen Perspektive. Gefragt wird, wie dieser Begriff definiert wird und welche verschiedenen Bedeutungszuschreibungen mit Blick auf diesen Gegenstand im raumbezogenen Kontext vorgenommen werden. Im Gegensatz zu den thematisch eng geführten und normativ eher einseitigen, pauschalen Begriffsverwendungen des "Suburbanen", wie sie auch in Raumforschung und -planung verbreitet sind, wird hier einem differenzierten, eher pluralistischen Verständnis gefolgt. Dazu werden unterschiedliche analytische Kategorien genutzt, hinter denen sich jeweils verschiedene Dimensionen des Themas verbergen; daraus ergeben sich zudem Hinweise auf Definitions- und Abgrenzungsprobleme sowie die teilweise konstruierte Natur des Begriffs des suburbanen Raums. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, mit einer komprimierten, tendenziell enzyklopädischen Darstellung eine Grundlage für die weitere Diskussion dieses Begriffs aus kulturlandschaftlicher Perspektive zu legen. Der Vorteil einer solchen Perspektive könnte sein, den Begriff des "suburbanen Raums" auf eine Weise zu öffnen, wie sie sich in den zwei letzten Dekaden bereits im angelsächsischen Diskurs durchgesetzt hat.
Abstract : This article investigates the spatial distribution of global solar radiation (K↓) in Toruń and its suburbs, observed in 2012. Measurements were taken at 12 points (7 within the city and 5 in the suburban area) using CNR4 net radiometers and automatic weather stations (Vantage Pro+). At all locations, the diurnal and annual courses of K↓ were typically related to the Earth's rotational movement and changes in the sun's declination over the year, and disturbed by clouds and atmospheric phenomena that enhance the extinction of solar radiation. A substantial spatial diversity of K↓ was observed in Toruń and its suburbs. The annual sum of K↓ at several urban locations accounted for over 70% of the solar radiation in the open space outside the city. The amount of incoming solar radiation in the urban area was more restricted in winter (<50%) than in summer (approx. 70%). The diurnal courses of K↓ were heavily disturbed by local obstacles which cast shadows (causing a considerable decrease of K↓), but there were instances of increases in K↓ (122%) augmented by radiation reflected from roofs, walls and windows surrounding the measurement point. The spatial diversity of K↓ in the urban area is heterogeneous, due to local meteorological conditions (cloudiness, fog, smog and airborne dust) and the obscuring of the horizon.
Der Beitrag befasst sich aus der Perspektive der sozialwissenschaftlichen Institutionen- und Governance-Forschung mit suburbanen Kulturlandschaften. Dazu werden suburbane Kulturlandschaften als Handlungsräume sowie die mit ihrer kollektiven Entwicklung verbundenen Institutionenprobleme thematisiert. Der Beitrag stellt hierzu zunächst die Governance kulturlandschaftlicher Handlungsräume in deutschen Stadtregionen im Überblick vor; eine vertiefte Betrachtung erfahren Regionalparks und andere regionale Grünsysteme. Anschließend werden am Beispiel des Barnim im nordöstlichen Berliner Stadtumland grundsätzlich relevante Institutionenprobleme suburbaner Kulturlandschaftsgestaltung erörtert. Hierzu gehören eine gegenüber ruralen Kulturlandschaften verschärfte "interplay"-Problematik, komplexe Vorstellungen zu Kulturlandschaftsimages und Ausprägungen regionaler Identitäten angesichts hybrider Landnutzungsformen und Lebensweisen zwischen Stadt und Land sowie verschärfte "problems of fit" durch eine administrative Zersplitterung des suburbanen Raums insbesondere im Übergangsbereich zur Kernstadt. Abschließend wird, verbunden mit einem Ausblick auf Fragen der sozialen Konstruktion suburbaner Kulturlandschaften, ein Resümee gezogen.
UIDB/00472/2020 UIDP/00472/2020 ; The growing interest in spirituality has enabled numerous avenues of pastoral counselling support, which can be a useful resource for improving quality of life in the context of significant social deprivation. The aim of this research was to investigate the role of the spiritual dimension of pastoral support interventions created to help the inhabitants of a strongly deprived territory in Southern Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eight people between the ages of 28 and 67 took part in the study. A qualitative research design was applied via online interviews with the participants, who were operators of a pastoral counselling service located on the outskirts of a suburban town. The main emergent themes were the importance of religiosity and spirituality in the lives of the participants, the role that these two aspects play in the lives of those who carry out activities devoted to helping others, and the ways in which these dimensions are used within support programmes responding to the needs of an area characterized by socioeconomic and psychosocial problems. The interviews revealed how pastoral counselling can be useful in situations of stress in highly deprived areas. ; publishersversion ; published
Der Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel Münchner Randgemeinden im östlichen Kreis Fürstenfeldbruck, wie sich der demographische Wandel im suburbanen Raum darstellt und wie in den betreffenden Gemeinden auf die sich verändernde Bevölkerungsstruktur reagiert wird. Besonders in denjenigen Gemeinden, deren starkes Bevölkerungswachstum durch Suburbanisierung bereits mehrere Jahrzehnte zurückliegt, ist ein überdurchschnittlich starker demographischer Wandel mit abnehmenden Kinderzahlen und steigendem Altersdurchschnitt der Wohnbevölkerung festzustellen. In den Gemeinden wird auf zweierlei Weise reagiert: In der Kommunalpolitik und im sozialen Leben spielen die Senioren eine zunehmend größere Rolle; es wird versucht, ihren Bedürfnissen wesentlich stärker als in der Vergangenheit nachzukommen. Andererseits wird durch massiv steigende Hilfs- und Betreuungsangebote für junge Familien, Kinder und Jugendliche versucht, jüngere Einwohner am Ort zu halten oder sogar anzuziehen, um auf diese Weise ein Gegengewicht zum steigenden Altersdurchschnitt zu schaffen. Der Vergleich mit Studien über vergleichbare Räume in anderen Regionen Deutschlands zeigt, dass die Ergebnisse offenbar weitgehend repräsentativ für den Siedlungstyp "Stadtrandgemeinde mit relativ hohem Durchschnittseinkommen" sind.
