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Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgments -- I. INTRODUCTION -- Notes -- II. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF VICTIM COMPENSATION -- Historical Development -- Early Law -- Alternatives to Victim Compensation -- Victim Compensation and Its Critics -- The Case for Victim Compensation -- Strict Liability Theory -- Government Negligence Theory -- Equal Protection Theory -- Humanitarian Theory -- Social Obligation Theory -- Social Welfare Theory -- Crime Prevention Theory -- Political Motives Theory -- Victim Compensation Programs -- Foreign Plans -- American Plans -- Political Context of Victim Compensation -- The Administration of Victim Compensation -- Eligibility for Victim Compensation -- Evaluating Victim Compensation Programs -- Conclusion -- Notes -- III. RESEARCH DESIGN -- Research Questions and Hypotheses -- Restoration -- Crime Prevention -- Social Stability -- Data Collection -- Sources of Data -- Sampling Crime Victims -- Brooklyn Claimants -- Newark Claimants -- Brooklyn Non-Claimants -- Newark Non-Claimants -- Interview Procedure -- Questionnaires -- Nature of Victim Survey -- Notes -- IV. CHARACTERISTICS OF VIOLENT CRIME VICTIMS -- General Victim Attributes -- Socioeconomic Status -- Community Ties -- Victim Attitudes about Politics and Government -- Victim Attitudes Toward Criminal Justice -- Conclusion -- Notes -- V. VICTIMS IN THE CRIMINAL PROCESS -- Criminal Victimization -- Kinds of Crimes -- Victim-Offender Relationship -- Assailant Characteristics -- Victim Motivations -- Reporting the Crime -- Pressing Charges -- Victim Experiences in the Criminal Process -- Prior Court Involvement -- Criminal Threats -- Complaint Room -- Arraignment -- Bail -- Post-Arraignment -- Court Appearance -- Court Problems -- Court Involvement -- Other Post-Victimization Contacts

The authors focus on a relatively unexplored aspect of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks—the extent to which it was ethically appropriate to compensate victims of that tragedy, especially in comparison to victims of other unfortunate events. After providing back-ground on federal disaster and victim compensation policies, the authors offer a set of principles for determining when the government should provide direct reimbursement to victims for losses incurred, drawing on both deontological and utilitarian reasoning. The authors then apply these standards to the September 11 attacks and other unfortunate events such as the Oklahoma City bombing.

"This important new book on criminology is a major attempt to evaluate actual victim compensation programs as well as their political and economic contexts, through the eyes of the victims themselves. Elias traces the experiences of violent-crime victims throughout the entire criminal justice process, comparing New York's and New Jersey's victim compensation programs. He shows how programs differ when compensation is viewed essentially as welfare and when it is viewed as a right. The study uses extensive interviews with officials and with violent crime victims. The study indicates victim compensation programs largely fail to achieve their stated goals of improving attitudes toward the criminal-justice system and the government. The programs produce poor attitudes toward government and criminal justice."--Provided by publisher.

This article examines one element of the state&rsquo ; s responses to crime: the provision of a taxpayer-funded compensation scheme for victims of personal and sexual violence. The Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme 2012 sits within a political context that seeks to ensure that victims of crime are better served by the criminal justice system of England and Wales, the jurisdiction that is the focus of this article. The government&rsquo ; s fundamental policy is that this scheme exists to compensate only those victims who are &lsquo ; blameless&rsquo ; either in terms of their character, criminal record, conduct at the time of the incident, or in their engagement with the criminal justice agencies. It is a policy that illuminates elements of two of the questions that the editors posed for this Special Issue of Societies. Reviewing the increased urgency in government policies concerning the treatment of victims of crime, the first section addresses the question of how, why and when victims came to shape political and criminal justice discourse and practice. The question of how, and to what end, cultural representations have shaped perceptions of victims is addressed in the second and third sections, which examine the notion of victim status and illustrate the ways in which eligible (&lsquo ; ideal&rsquo ; ) victims are perceived and their claims under this scheme are determined.

"Serial no. J-102-33." ; Shipping list no.: 92-217-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.