Suchergebnisse

Virgin olive oil (VOO) is a highly valued vegetable oil often subjected to fraud practices such as adulteration with lower prized oils such as seed oils and refined olive oil. Thus, there is a need to provide rapid tools that allow high-throughput authentication and quality control of VOO as well as other valued oils. Mass spectrometry offers unique features -such as specificity, sensitivity and speed of analysis-that map well against this challenge, either those based on atmospheric pressure ionization methods (ESI and APCI) or those occurring under vacuum conditions such as MALDI for nonvolatile species or headspace sampling-mass spectrometry using electron impact ionization (HS-MS) or chemical ionization (proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS)) for volatile fraction analysis. In addition, more recent atmospheric pressure methods (Ambient MS) enable direct analysis with minor or even no sample manipulation. The aim of this article is to provide a critical overview on all these methods and their potential use for vegetable oil characterization, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the different ; Marie Sklodowska-Curie (MSCA) grant agreement number 840743, EU FEDER funds and the Research Programme of the University of Jaen (Plan 2019–2020, Research programme "Acción 10") and Regional Government of Andalucía, Spain (Project Ref. PY2018-1211)

The aim of the present work is to evaluate how the vegetable oil refining sludge produced by the agro-food industry could be composted using carbonatation lime and green waste as bulking agents. To achieve this goal, three windrows were prepared with different mixtures: windrow 1 contained oil sludge and green waste (20:10 on a wet mass basis) while windrow 2 contained oil sludge, green waste and carbonatation lime (20:10:10, on a wet mass basis). The composition of windrow 3 was: oil sludge, green waste and carbonatation lime (20:10:20, on a wet mass basis). The results showed that the use of carbonatation lime for composting vegetable oil refining sludge was able to regulate the high acidity of the sludge and thus to obtain an optimal pH value for the launching and maintenance of the composting process. The addition of carbonatation lime also gave better reduction of microbial activity without any negative effect on composting. The compost prepared with oil refining sludge (49% fresh mass), carbonatation lime (27%) and green waste (24%) exhibited the best quality with C/N ratio and pH values within the norm NFU44-051. These promising results could be a sustainable solution for the valorization of both oil refining sludge and sugar carbonatation lime.

Palm oil production has had an extraordinary evolution since 2000, especially in Southeast Asian countries. Its profitability is related to lower market prices due to it having the cheapest production costs, compared to the other EU oils. Market forces have stimulated its production and trade, with a shift in the use of land in tropical countries (particularly in Southeast Asia). Palm oil has a high smoke point for its saturated fatty acid content, which is much healthier than the performance of conventional oils produced and used in Europe (corn, sunflower and peanut oil). The controversy of which palm oil has been the subject is linked to the environmental sustainability aspects of the production process. According to the European Commission, palm oil cultivation over the past 20 years has been the cause of 20% of global deforestation. However, our results highlighted that the price trends of selected vegetable oils are related to their variations. This allows the advancing of some hypotheses. On the supply side, the production costs (decisively in favour of palm oil) and the environmental constraints are affecting the vegetable oil market. On the demand side, the number and price, on the one hand of substitute products, and on the other hand of the complementary good as well as consumer taste and preference, all influence consumer behaviour. Consumer income and its distribution and, in both cases, public policies affect the various choices to be made. Public action should therefore consider these variables. A single policy may not be sufficient to steer the market in the right direction, especially in the logic of market globalisation.

Like many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Senegal has struggled to develop its industrial sector in the face of import competition. For basic food products, there is an implicit trade-off between the objectives of maintaining employment and lowering the cost of living, both of which figure prominently in current government policy. Conflicting pressures have led to a rather inconsistent policy mix of high levels of protection with price ceilings. The products of the three industries examined here—sugar, vegetable oil, and flour—account for roughly 14 percent of the consumption basket of the poor, so distortions in their prices can have a significant effect on poverty reduction. This paper compares domestic prices in Senegal with world prices since 2000, and then explains the difference by examining the protection enjoyed by these industries, along with their market structure. The analysis finds that high protection and market power have resulted in domestic prices which were often two or three times the equivalent world price. Tightening of price ceilings and some liberalization have taken place recently, but consumers have continued to pay above world prices for sugar and edible oil in 2014. The paper estimates that if this differential were eliminated, the purchasing power of households around the poverty line would increase by 3 percent, 227,000 people would move above the poverty line, and the national poverty rate would drop by 1.9 percentage points. The cost to consumers far exceeds the total wage bill paid by these industries. Further liberalization of these industries is recommended, along with phasing out price controls and shifting government policy from protecting traditional enterprises to the promotion of new export-oriented ones.

As fossil resources are steadily depleting and environmental concerns have developed into one of the main discussion points in public and political agendas, sustainability and an ecological viewpoint have become indispensable terms in modern society. This critical pressure towards 'greener' alternatives has led to a progressive application of renewable resources by the chemical industry. Vegetable oils present an interesting class of bioresources, with a market comprising both food and non-food applications. Their extraction is a key process as it will exert a strong impact on the resulting oil characteristics and quality. It is most frequently executed through solvent extraction, although mechanical pressing may present an interesting alternative as it represents a generally safer and more sustainable process. Furthermore, oils obtained through pressing are considered to be of superior quality and do not contain any solvent traces. The main drawback to this process involves the extraction yield, which is typically lower than for solvent extraction. Therefore, research has recently focused on continuous oil extraction through extrusion technology and its process optimization in order to increase extraction yields. Single-screw, as well as twin-screw extrusion was employed to efficiently extract vegetable oil from Apiaceae fruits, with Coriandrum sativum L. as a model herb. Coriander vegetable oil is particularly interesting as it has recently been approved as Novel Food Ingredient and is rich in petroselinic acid, allowing applications in oleochemistry. Simultaneously, this allowed coriander fruit biorefinery, as the press cakes may be transformed into agromaterials through thermopressing or be incorporated into a thermoplastic matrix such as PLA for injection molding. This represents a key advancement in the overall process economics and an important waste reduction. The oil extraction efficiency was significantly enhanced through the application of pre-treatments of the fruits prior to the extrusion process. Specifically, the fruit moisture content was shown to exhibit a key impact on their crushing behavior and oil extraction yields. As an example, when mechanical pressing is conducted in a Clextral BC 21 twin-screw extruder, an extraction yield of 68% is reached, representing a 44% increase, when the fruit moisture content is reduced from 9.8 to 0.3%, further leading to a significant decrease in the residual oil content of the obtained press cake.

As fossil resources are steadily depleting and environmental concerns have developed into one of the main discussion points in public and political agendas, sustainability and an ecological viewpoint have become indispensable terms in modern society. This critical pressure towards 'greener' alternatives has led to a progressive application of renewable resources by the chemical industry. Vegetable oils present an interesting class of bioresources, with a market comprising both food and non-food applications. Their extraction is a key process as it will exert a strong impact on the resulting oil characteristics and quality. It is most frequently executed through solvent extraction, although mechanical pressing may present an interesting alternative as it represents a generally safer and more sustainable process. Furthermore, oils obtained through pressing are considered to be of superior quality and do not contain any solvent traces. The main drawback to this process involves the extraction yield, which is typically lower than for solvent extraction. Therefore, research has recently focused on continuous oil extraction through extrusion technology and its process optimization in order to increase extraction yields. Single-screw, as well as twin-screw extrusion was employed to efficiently extract vegetable oil from Apiaceae fruits, with Coriandrum sativum L. as a model herb. Coriander vegetable oil is particularly interesting as it has recently been approved as Novel Food Ingredient and is rich in petroselinic acid, allowing applications in oleochemistry. Simultaneously, this allowed coriander fruit biorefinery, as the press cakes may be transformed into agromaterials through thermopressing or be incorporated into a thermoplastic matrix such as PLA for injection molding. This represents a key advancement in the overall process economics and an important waste reduction. The oil extraction efficiency was significantly enhanced through the application of pre-treatments of the fruits prior to the extrusion process. Specifically, the fruit moisture content was shown to exhibit a key impact on their crushing behavior and oil extraction yields. As an example, when mechanical pressing is conducted in a Clextral BC 21 twin-screw extruder, an extraction yield of 68% is reached, representing a 44% increase, when the fruit moisture content is reduced from 9.8 to 0.3%, further leading to a significant decrease in the residual oil content of the obtained press cake.

The specie Elaeocarpus serratus belonging to the Elaeocarpaceae family is popularly known as Ceylon Olive and used medicinally for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections. The fruits contain tannins and fatty acids in fixed oils (FO). The specie adapts well to the conditions of the soil and climate of Brazil and, due to the good productivity of fruits that the plant presents, it shows potential in the production of FO. Despite its uses, there are no studies that provide more details on the characterization and obtaining of oils from this species. The objective of this study was aimed to characterize the obtention and properties of the oil seed to verify the yield and the potential use. The FOs were obtained by the Soxhlet extraction method and analyzed through the parameters refractive, acidity and saponification indexes. From the FOs obtained, the seeds resulted in the highest yield (1.71%), followed by pericarps with seeds (1.01%) and pericarps (0.49%). The FOs were submitted to the lethality test of Artemia saline as a predictor of cytotoxicity, obtaining percentages of lethality of 76% for seed oil. The high cytotoxicity shown by the OFs corroborates with the antimicrobial and antifungal uses of the species and the indexes tested showed that the oil obtained from the seed demonstrates potential application in products with industrial, cosmetic and pharmaceutical interests.