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Although co-design is acknowledged as an emerging tool in public administration for use in program or service system design, it has not been widely applied to complex policy spheres, such as law and regulation. In the context of policy development for the field of social enterprise, we explored the use of co-design as a facilitation method to elicit end-users' experience of regulation and to generate options for reform. Specifically, this involved the use of LEGO® Serious Play® to understand end-user views on legal structures following a push by policy advocates in Australia for a structure to serve the needs of social enterprise, similar to that available in the United Kingdom. The article makes two contributions to research on co-design in public policy. The first contribution is methodological. We offer insights into the application of co-design to a new area, law and regulation, finding that co-design is useful for generating bottom-up insights into the regulatory preferences of end-users but has certain limitations as a tool for research and policy development, notably in relation to the feasibility of the insights it may provide. The second contribution is uncovering empirical insights into end-user preferences regarding how regulatory reform might improve the policy environment for social enterprise development in Australia and beyond.

Although energy models advance rapidly in terms of technical and techno-economic details, social and political aspects and environmental burdens beyond greenhouse gas emissions are currently underrepresented. However, in light of the European Green Deal and the EU Energy Union Strategy, models must advance in terms of social and environmental considerations to support decision- and policymakers in adequately addressing that environmental burden and to put "citizens at its core" of the energy transition. In this deliverable, we present key user-needs for environmental and social aspects that need to be better represented in energy system models (Section 2), and how we have developed and adapted the modelling tools ENVIRO, QTDIAN, and ATOM in response to the identified user needs. We show three main user needs regarding social aspects, specifically (i) social impacts on energy politics and policies, (ii) the social acceptance of energy technologies and infrastructure, and (iii) consumers' behavior in energy models. We furthermore show that users consider relevant the following factors within the environmental aspects of energy scenarios: (iv) demand of raw materials/ circularity, (v) the implications on nature and biodiversity, as well as (vi) full life-cycle impacts and externalization. ENVIRO and QTDIAN are being developed within SENTINEL in a participatory process by engaging with stakeholders in the information and development stages of the model implementation. In contrast, ATOM is adapted by considering user-needs especially in the implementation stage. We conclude that we have benefited from the insights of model users and other stakeholders, and that this will allow us to make our modelling tools fit-for-purpose. All three modelling tools will support decision-makers by answering the most important of the questions users have risen within the SENTINEL stakeholder engagement process. Model-linking within the WP2 and other WPs will ensure that the understanding of environmental and social aspects is ...

Brazil has some of the world&rsquo ; s most important forest and natural ecosystem resources and their sustainability is of global importance. The expansion of agriculture for livestock, the extractive industries, illegal logging, land conflicts, fire and deforestation are pressures on land use and drivers of land use change in many regions of Brazil. While different institutions in Brazil have sought to use Earth Observation (EO) data to support better land use management and conservation projects, several problems remain at the national and state level in the implementation of EO to support environmental policies and services provided to Brazilian society. This paper presents the results of a systematic analysis of the key challenges in using EO data in land management in Brazil and summarises them in a conceptual model of the factors influencing EO data use for assessing sustainable land use and land cover in Brazil. The research was based on a series of in-depth, semi-structured interviews (43) and structured interviews (53) with key stakeholders who make use of EO data across different locations in Brazil. The major challenges identified in the complex and multifaceted aspects of using this information were associated with access to, and with the processing of, raw data into usable information. The analysis also revealed novel insights on a lack of inter-institutional communication, adequate office infrastructure and personnel, availability of the right type of EO data and funding restrictions, political instability and bureaucracy as factors that limit more effective use of EO data in Brazil at present. We close this analysis by considering how EO information for the sustainable management of land use and land cover can assist institutions as they respond to the varied political and economic instabilities affecting environmental governance and deforestation levels.

Energy system models are advancing rapidly. However, it is not clear whether models are becoming better, in the sense that they address the questions that decision-makers need answered to make well-informed decisions. Therefore, we investigate the gap between model improvements relevant from the perspective of modellers compared to what users of model results think models should address. Thus, we ask: What are the differences between energy model improvements as perceived by modellers, and the actual needs of users of model results? To answer this question, we conducted a literature review, 32 interviews, and an online survey. Our results show that user needs and ongoing improvements of energy system models align to a large degree, so that future models are indeed likely to be better than current models. We also find mismatches between the needs of modellers and users, especially in modelling of social, behavioural and political aspects, the trade-off between model complexity and understandability, and the ways that model results should be communicated. Our findings suggest that a better understanding of user needs and closer cooperation between modellers and users is imperative to truly improve models and unlock their full potential to support the transition towards climate neutrality in Europe.

Brazil has some of the world's most important forest and natural ecosystem resources and their sustainability is of global importance. The expansion of agriculture for livestock, the extractive industries, illegal logging, land conflicts, fire and deforestation are pressures on land use and drivers of land use change in many regions of Brazil. While different institutions in Brazil have sought to use Earth Observation (EO) data to support better land use management and conservation projects, several problems remain at the national and state level in the implementation of EO to support environmental policies and services provided to Brazilian society. This paper presents the results of a systematic analysis of the key challenges in using EO data in land management in Brazil and summarises them in a conceptual model of the factors influencing EO data use for assessing sustainable land use and land cover in Brazil. The research was based on a series of in-depth, semi-structured interviews (43) and structured interviews (53) with key stakeholders who make use of EO data across different locations in Brazil. The major challenges identified in the complex and multifaceted aspects of using this information were associated with access to, and with the processing of, raw data into usable information. The analysis also revealed novel insights on a lack of inter-institutional communication, adequate office infrastructure and personnel, availability of the right type of EO data and funding restrictions, political instability and bureaucracy as factors that limit more effective use of EO data in Brazil at present. We close this analysis by considering how EO information for the sustainable management of land use and land cover can assist institutions as they respond to the varied political and economic instabilities affecting environmental governance and deforestation levels.

Brazil has some of the world's most important forest and natural ecosystem resources and their sustainability is of global importance. The expansion of agriculture for livestock, the extractive industries, illegal logging, land conflicts, fire and deforestation are pressures on land use and drivers of land use change in many regions of Brazil. While different institutions in Brazil have sought to use Earth Observation (EO) data to support better land use management and conservation projects, several problems remain at the national and state level in the implementation of EO to support environmental policies and services provided to Brazilian society. This paper presents the results of a systematic analysis of the key challenges in using EO data in land management in Brazil and summarises them in a conceptual model of the factors influencing EO data use for assessing sustainable land use and land cover in Brazil. The research was based on a series of in‐depth, semistructured interviews (43) and structured interviews (53) with key stakeholders who make use of EO data across different locations in Brazil. The major challenges identified in the complex and multifaceted aspects of using this information were associated with access to, and with the processing of, raw data into usable information. The analysis also revealed novel insights on a lack of inter‐institutional communication, adequate office infrastructure and personnel, availability of the right type of EO data and funding restrictions, political instability and bureaucracy as factors that limit more effective use of EO data in Brazil at present. We close this analysis by considering how EO information for the sustainable management of land use and land cover can assist institutions as they respond to the varied political and economic instabilities affecting environmental governance and deforestation levels.

Optimizing energy consumption in modern mobile handled devices plays a crucial role as lowering the power consumption impacts battery life and systemreliability. Recent mobile platforms have an increasing number of sensors and processing components. Added to the popularity of power-hungry applications, battery life in mobile devices is an important issue. However, the utilization pattern of large amount of data from the various sensors can be beneficial to detect the changing device context, the user needs and the running application requirements in terms of hardware resources. When these information are used properly, an efficient control of power knobs can be implemented to reduce the energy consumption. This thesis has been achieved in collaboration with Intel Portland. ; De nos jours, l'omniprésence des systèmes mobiles ne fait qu'accroitre et ces derniers deviennent indispensables pour nombreux d'entre nous. Les constructeurs de ces plateformes mobiles inondent le marché avec des produits de plus en plus performants et contenant un grand nombre d'applications énergivores. Le revers de la médaille de cette popularité est la consommation d'énergie. En effet, les caractéristiques des systèmes mobiles actuels ne font qu'accentuer le besoin d'une refonte des techniques d'optimisations de la consommation d'énergie. Dans une époque où les consciences s'élèvent pour un monde plus «green», de nombreuses solutions sont proposées pour répondre à la problématique de la consommation d'énergie des systèmes mobiles. Cependant, dans les solutions existantes, le comportement de l'utilisateur et ses besoins sont rarement considérés. Cette omission est paradoxale car c'est le comportement de l'utilisateur final qui détermine la consommation d'énergie du système. D'autre part, l'utilisation des données qui émanent des différents capteurs embarqués et du système d'exploitation peut être bénéfique pour mettre en place des politiques efficientes de gestion de puissance. Exploité à bon escient, l'important flux d'informations ...

Optimizing energy consumption in modern mobile handled devices plays a crucial role as lowering the power consumption impacts battery life and systemreliability. Recent mobile platforms have an increasing number of sensors and processing components. Added to the popularity of power-hungry applications, battery life in mobile devices is an important issue. However, the utilization pattern of large amount of data from the various sensors can be beneficial to detect the changing device context, the user needs and the running application requirements in terms of hardware resources. When these information are used properly, an efficient control of power knobs can be implemented to reduce the energy consumption. This thesis has been achieved in collaboration with Intel Portland. ; De nos jours, l'omniprésence des systèmes mobiles ne fait qu'accroitre et ces derniers deviennent indispensables pour nombreux d'entre nous. Les constructeurs de ces plateformes mobiles inondent le marché avec des produits de plus en plus performants et contenant un grand nombre d'applications énergivores. Le revers de la médaille de cette popularité est la consommation d'énergie. En effet, les caractéristiques des systèmes mobiles actuels ne font qu'accentuer le besoin d'une refonte des techniques d'optimisations de la consommation d'énergie. Dans une époque où les consciences s'élèvent pour un monde plus «green», de nombreuses solutions sont proposées pour répondre à la problématique de la consommation d'énergie des systèmes mobiles. Cependant, dans les solutions existantes, le comportement de l'utilisateur et ses besoins sont rarement considérés. Cette omission est paradoxale car c'est le comportement de l'utilisateur final qui détermine la consommation d'énergie du système. D'autre part, l'utilisation des données qui émanent des différents capteurs embarqués et du système d'exploitation peut être bénéfique pour mettre en place des politiques efficientes de gestion de puissance. Exploité à bon escient, l'important flux d'informations disponible est susceptible de servir à la caractérisation du comportement de l'utilisateur, ses habitudes et ses besoins en matière de configuration hardware. En assimilant ces informations et en les traitant, nous pouvons proposer des optimisations d'énergie sans altérer la satisfaction de l'utilisateur. Dans cette thèse nous proposons le modèle CPA pour Collect – Process – Adjust. Ce modèle permet de collecter des données émanant de différentes sources, les traiter et en générer des politiques d'optimisations d'énergie. Les travaux de cette thèse ont été réalisés en coopération avec Intel. L'objectif de cette collaboration est la conception et la réalisation de solutions permettant d'améliorer la gestion d'énergie proposée par le système d'exploitation.

It has been demonstrated that the adoption of international accounting standards has led to different impacts on information submitted by Argentinian companies. This process that, in our environment, materialised since 2012 with the presentation of companies' interim and annual financial statements, has already taken place in more than a hundred countries in the world, with different implications. It has been found that the decision taken by countries to move towards the implementation of IFRS/IFRS and the adoption process carried out by companies have had different consequences. In Argentina, according to research, the impact has occurred on medular accounting items (Utilities — Property, Plant and Equipment, Exchange Goods — Inventories, Biological Assets, Intangible Assets, Sales Income, Sales Costs, etc.). The process of adopting IFRS in Argentina reveals the importance of better information for users and reflection on the need to generate presentation models in accordance with the characteristics of companies, giving preference to user decision-making. Centre for International Accounting Studies (CECIN) ; Se ha demostrado que la adopción de los estándares internacionales de contabilidad ha producido distintos impactos en la información presentada por empresas argentinas. Este proceso que en nuestro medio se vio materializado a partir de 2012 con la presentación de los estados financieros intermedios y anuales de empresas, ya ha tenido lugar en más de un centenar de países en el mundo, con distintas implicancias. Se ha comprobado que la decisión tomada por los países de recorrer el camino hacia la implementación de NIIF/IFRS así como el proceso de adopción realizado por las empresas ha tenido distintas consecuencias. En Argentina el impacto, según investigaciones realizadas, ha ocurrido en elementos contables medulares (Bienes de uso – Propiedades, planta y equipo, Bienes de cambio - Inventarios, Activos biológicos, Activos Intangibles, Ingresos por ventas, Costos de ventas, etc.). El proceso de adopción de ...

The deliverable D4.2 reports user needs and requirements from the ARETE target groups – primary and secondary school students and teachers. The methods employed were online surveys and interviews. The teacher and secondary school surveys share a similar structure. They start with demographic questions, followed by a set of questions on general AR usage to gather data on the overall perceptions and needs for deploying AR for teaching/learning. The last set of questions is to gather contextualised data by referring to a specific AR app that teachers/students have recently used, thereby eliciting their requirements for developing future AR apps for teaching/learning. For the primary school survey, the questions are mainly on experiences of using AR in general as well as for learning at school. Despite our repeated attempts to disseminate the surveys through different channels, the response rates were discouragingly low. Altogether we have gathered complete survey responses from 65 teachers, 65 secondary school students and 130 primary school students. However, the numbers of visits to the three online surveys were 1746, 1157 and 1083, resulting in the completion rate of 3.7%, 5.6% and 12%, respectively. The high incompletion rates of the surveys might be attributable to the low usage of AR educational applications for real-life teaching and learning. In addition, we were able to conduct interviews with five teachers with one deciding to withdraw. Similar to the surveys, recruiting participants for the online interview proved very challenging. Furthermore, the distribution of countries where the respondents resided was skewed. While these undesirable factors affected the quality of the data, we could still gain useful insights into the needs and requirements of the participating primary and secondary students and teachers for improving the uptake of AR for education. ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 856533.

Aim: The current research was conducted in the context of an ongoing reform of mental health services in the Republic of Moldova since 2014, where efforts have been devoted to creating community-based mental health services. This article presents a snapshot of the needs of mental health service users in the Republic of Moldova and helps to understand how and with which services their needs can be addressed. Methods: This cross-sectional study compared the levels of needs (CANSAS scale), quality of life (EQ-5D 3L), mental health status (MINI for psychotic disorders) and functioning (WHO-DAS) among mental health service users in the psychiatric hospital in Chisinau, Moldova. All service users resided in districts where community mental health services were being developed. Correlations between quality of life, functioning and unmet need were explored. Results: Of 83 participants, one third had a psychotic or a mood disorder. On average, participants reported needs in 9.41 domains ( SD = 4.41), of which 4.29 were unmet ( SD = 3.63). Most unmet needs related to intimacy and relation to others. The level of functioning and quality of life were reported. We found strong, negative associations between the number of unmet needs and level of functioning, as well as the quality of life. We also found that higher functioning levels were positively associated with higher quality of life. Conclusion: There were a high number of unmet needs among this inpatient population, particularly social needs and service-related needs. A continuum of inpatient and outpatient care and individual treatment plans can help address the different needs of different patients. Individual treatment plans for patients and the choice of the appropriate treatment for patients could be guided by an assessment of service users' (unmet) needs of care and level of functioning.

The IN-PREP project is creating a platform to enable crisis responders across Europe to collaborate, train together, and to share their viewpoints with each other. This way, the big picture is always in view and immediate actions can be directed in the most effective way possible. The platform will be a "Mixed-Reality Preparedness Platform" (MRPP), a tool that combines many types of technologies, supporting information provision for responders on the ground, and for the direction of resources. To support the development of the MRPP in a way that realistically allows the system's implementation and use, the consortium has set out to identify recommendations for system development based on organisational, policy, social, and human factors. They are based on desk research and a total of nine interviews conducted with possible users of the MRPP from within and outside the project consortium. The description of organisational factors includes a reflection on innovation processes, especially in public sector organisations, since most of the targeted user organisations are public. It further comprises issues to be considered regarding information management, inter-organisational communication and cooperation processes, as well as requirements for changes in organisations. The elaborated policy factors concern different ways of crisis governance, the influence of political incentives on developments in crisis management relevant for system development, and the differences in political culture and climate. Social factors to be considered in system development relate to public expectations and acceptance, crisis communication, and data protection concerns. The human factors address those that are relevant for the work in command & control rooms. They comprise cognitive processes (such as processing of information, perception, memory, team cognition, and decision making), and issues to be considered regarding the user interface design. Recommendations for the development of the IN-PREP MRPP are drawn from the description and analysis of these factors, and are categorized by cross-cutting "guiding principles", which consider common aspects across the themes of organisational, policy, social, and human factors. The guiding principles are: usability, compliance, interoperability, transparency, flexibility & adaptability, neutrality, evaluation & documentation, and knowledge management.