Suchergebnisse

How important is trade openness as a vehicle for driving productivity in developing countries? We offer a sector-specific analysis with focus on the manufacturing sector for meaningful policy insights. Using a modern econometric technique—the autoregressive distributed lag approach to cointegration—this article attempts to establish the relationship between openness to trade and manufacturing performance in Nigeria for the period 1970–2008. The results suggest that trade openness has a significant positive impact on manufacturing productivity in Nigeria both in the short and long run. These coefficient estimates are robust and stable over the time. Therefore, the policy direction for the manufacturing sector in Nigeria should focus more on open policies through trade liberalisation as a long-term plan. Reduction in trade restrictions and implementation of appropriate incentives are vital for resuscitating the performance of the sector. In this aspect, policy-makers should leverage the benefits of openness to the comparative advantages in the liberalised sector.JEL Classification: F41, C22, O55

Globalization has quickened, especially during the past three decades, due to technological, institutional, legal and political developments in the world. During this process, many countries reduced or removed the barriers on the cross-country flows of goods, services and capital, and the global trade volume increased substantially. Therefore, openness-oriented policies have led many social and economic implications for the national economies. In this regard, this study investigates the interaction among trade openness, poverty alleviation and inequality in 11 Latin American countries by employing a panel data analysis. We revealed that trade openness and financial development affected inequality and poverty negatively in the long term, while inequality affected poverty positively.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates life expectancy and trade openness in China for the period 1960–2018. METHODS: We purposed a theoretical model that is tested for China by applying regime-switching regression. RESULTS: Our findings suggest that trade openness increases life expectancy in China; trade affects life expectancy from two aspects; firstly, trade expansion and industrialization lead to high economic activities and resulted in raise the income of the people in society leading to improve life expectancy. Secondly, industrial expansion increases the CO(2) emissions which leads to imposes a negative implication on human health and thus reduces life expectancy. CONCLUSION: Thus, the net effect of trade liberalization depends on the value of income effect and volume of CO(2) emissions. Therefore, the government needs to support the trade policies which causes a low level of CO(2) emissions, the government may provide incentives to exports and industrialists to adopted green energy in the production process. Besides, the government may impose some regulations such as carbon tax to mitigate the CO(2) emissions in society.

Muhammad Imran Shah,1 Irfan Ullah,2 Xiao Xingjian,2 Huang Haipeng,2 Alam Rehman,3 Muhammad Zeeshan,4 Fakhr E Alam Afridi5 1School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; 2Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; 3Faculty of Management Sciences, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan; 4College of Business Administration, Liaoning Technical University, XingCheng, Liaoning Province, 125105, People's Republic of China; 5Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, PakistanCorrespondence: Irfan UllahReading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, People's Republic of ChinaEmail irfnecon@nuist.edu.cnObjective: This study investigates life expectancy and trade openness in China for the period 1960– 2018.Methods: We purposed a theoretical model that is tested for China by applying regime-switching regression.Results: Our findings suggest that trade openness increases life expectancy in China; trade affects life expectancy from two aspects; firstly, trade expansion and industrialization lead to high economic activities and resulted in raise the income of the people in society leading to improve life expectancy. Secondly, industrial expansion increases the CO2 emissions which leads to imposes a negative implication on human health and thus reduces life expectancy.Conclusion: Thus, the net effect of trade liberalization depends on the value of income effect and volume of CO2 emissions. Therefore, the government needs to support the trade policies which causes a low level of CO2 emissions, the government may provide incentives to exports and industrialists to adopted green energy in the production process. Besides, the government may impose some regulations such as carbon tax to mitigate the CO2 emissions in society.Keywords: trade, life expectancy, CO2 emissions, health quality, regime-switching regression, China