Suchergebnisse

Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- 1 Law, Space and Subjectivity -- 2 Violence of Urban Development -- 3 Construction of Squatter Settlements -- 4 Becoming 'Illegal' Urban Citizens -- 5 'Legitimate' Social Organization -- 6 Contested Boundaries of Infrastructure -- 7 Legitimate Domesticities -- 8 Visions of the Future -- Bibliography

This book provides a fresh look at measuring negative externalities in the urbanization process. Meeting the challenges that come hand-in-hand with the contemporary age of rapid urbanization demands more extensive empirical knowledge. While most urbanization research focuses on positive externalities, this book is designed to offer insights into possible sources of negative externalities and the measurement thereof. In economics, the measurement of externalities is a challenging task that demands innovative research designs; however, previous research has failed to capture all of these externalities. The technique described in this book is carefully designed to measure negative externalities, particularly those related to squatter settlements that have been hitherto largely ignored by urbanization literature. The existence of negative externalities and the unintended consequences of rapid urbanization, particularly those related to squatter settlements, can be found in Latin America and Asia. This book provides comparative insights based on extensive primary surveys of households in squatter and non-squatter settlements of Kathmandu, Nepal and Quito, Ecuador. It is considered a case study that will improve the understanding of urbanization issues between Latin America and Asia. Societal benefits can be improved through the reduction of negative externalities. This book helps policy makers in Kathmandu and Quito fine-tune their policies to address the source of urban externality, as well as provide new insights into the nexus between urbanization and development. An investment in the reduction of negative externalities is profitable, thus presenting the government and international partners with a great opportunity. This book contributes to existing literature and will be useful for researchers and students

AbstractThis article provides an assessment of shocks and coping strategies in the urban squatter settlements of San Salvador. Using a multi‐shocks household survey, it is shown that shocks like flooding, landslide, increase in food prices, insecurity, and illness or serious casualty prevail in these areas. Regression results show no significant effects of shocks on current consumption, which may indicate the existence of household consumption‐smoothing behavior. Hence, although coping responses to shocks may be efficient in the short term, covariate shocks may have adverse effects on well‐being in the longer run, especially if households decide to lower food, health, or education expenditures. Indeed, behavior‐based strategies appear to be very common when the shock is an increase in food prices, whereas assistance‐based strategies are more common when households are hit by flooding or landslide.

Drawing on 13 studies of Ur squatter settlements in Mexico & several other Latin American countries, the role of squatters' neighborhood associations in local political proceses, as defined by local issues, is discussed. Squatters' associations usually form during the planning of property takeovers by squatter groups, & initially exhibit a high level of demanding behavior in asserting the legitimacy of the takeover as well as self-help behavior in allocating lots & building temporary shelters. Though it is generally thought that the political activity of associations drops off after initial phases, most maintain a high level of community participation & continue significant demand making & self-help activities focused on neighborhood issues. Success seems to be tied to characteristics of the settlement that promote a sense of community. Various sophisticated political tactics used by the associations are detailed, but it is noted that they seldom attempt to influence national issues, possibly accounting for their ability to adjust to, & survive, radical changes in national regimes. Examination of activities of squatter neighborhood associations can enhance research on development from below. They are a form of indigenous political action group able to provide, or get governments to provide, tangible benefits for their settlements. 3 Tables, 72 References. J. Woodward.