Suchergebnisse

Provides a comparative analysis of conflicting outcomes of communism in post-1989 Russia, where the Communist Party was replaced by capitalism that relies on the export of raw materials, & China, where communism is stronger than ever even though the country has become an engine of the global economy & the world's largest holder of foreign reserve. Four aspects of the post-revolution trajectories of both countries are explored: 1) differences in the strategies pursued by the communist party; 2) socio-economic conditions when the ruling party initiated its path of reform; 3) the consequences of policies enacted; &4) the effect of past legacies on the direction chosen & the ultimate outcomes. It is noted that the Chinese Revolution grew out of the Russian Revolution & remained connected with it. The Russian Revolution was swift but power proved difficult to hold while the communist conquest of China extended through a quarter of a century. Consideration is given to differences in the characters of individual leaders; the position of social classes; &external settings that influenced each country's course. Adapted from the source document.

Sentiment analysis is an emerging research field that can be integrated with other domains, including data mining, natural language processing and machine learning. In political articles, it is difficult to understand and summarise the state or overall views due to the diversity and size of social media information. A number of studies were conducted in the area of sentiment analysis, especially using English texts, while Arabic language received less attention in the literature. In this study, we propose a detection model for political orientation articles in the Arabic language. We introduce the key assumptions of the model, present and discuss the obtained results, and highlight the issues that still need to be explored to further our understanding of subjective sentences. The main purpose of applying this new approach based on Rough Set (RS) theory is to increase the accuracy of the models in recognizing the orientation of the articles. We present extensive simulation results, which demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model over other algorithms. It is shown that the performance of the proposed approach significantly improves by adding discriminating features. To summarize, the proposed approach demonstrates an accuracy of 85.483%, when evaluating the orientation of political Arabic datasets, compared to 72.58% and 64.516% for the Support Vector Machines and Naïve Bayes methods, respectively.

I introduce this memoir about my academic career by describing the fortuitous incidents involved in my coming to this country and becoming a sociologist. In graduate school my sociological orientation changed under the influence of Merton and Lazarsfeld from grand theories to systematic theory grounded in research. My dissertation was a field study of bureaucracy in terms of Weber's theory, which led to a book on exchange theory. Next I collaborated with Duncan on a nationwide study of occupational achievement and mobility, for which I learned regression analysis, reluctantly at first, but later becoming converted to it. During the next decade I conducted a research program on bureaucracy, specifically of quantitative studies of various types of formal organizations, from which I developed a limited organizational theory. The limitations of this theory prompted me to construct a formal macrostructural theory of population structure's influences on intergroup relations, which was subsequently tested in empirical research on the 125 largest metropolitan areas in the United States.

Rough set theory uses the concept of upper and lower approximations to encapsulate inherent inconsistency in real-world objects. Information multisystems are represented using multisets instead of crisp sets. This paper begins with an overview of recent works on multisets and rough sets. Rough multiset is introduced in terms of lower and upper approximations and explores related properties. The paper concludes with an example of certain types of information multisystems.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Author -- 1 Research Objects and Basic Ideas -- 1 Definition and Selection of Large Developing Countries -- 2 Evolution of International Status of Large Developing Countries -- 3 Review of Research Literature and Logical Thinking -- References -- 2 Economic Development Experience of Large Developed Countries -- 1 Development Path of Large European Countries -- 2 American Industrialization and Its Characteristics -- 3 Industrial Policy of the Rise of Large Countries -- References -- 3 Development Advantage of Large Developing Countries -- 1 Perspective of Endowment: Comparative Advantage -- 2 Perspective of Development: Latecomer Advantage -- 3 Perspective of Scale: Advantage of Large Countries -- References -- 4 Development Pattern of Large Developing Countries -- 1 Growth Pattern Based on Domestic Demand -- 2 Domestic Demand-Driven Export Pattern -- 3 Patterns of Infrastructure Construction -- 4 Patterns of Public Goods Supply -- References -- 5 Economic Transformation of Developing Countries -- 1 Agricultural Industrialization and Scale Operation -- 2 Urbanization and Industrial Structure Upgrading -- 3 Labor Division Mode and Globalization Dividend -- 4 Crossing the "Middle Income Trap" -- References -- 6 Innovation Strategy of Large Developing Countries -- 1 Market Scale and Technology Innovation Advantages -- 2 From Imitating Innovation to Indigenous Innovation -- 3 Measurement of the BRICS Countries' Innovation Capability -- 4 Innovation Path for Large Countries: Chinese Experience -- References -- Bibliography -- Index -- Correction to: Large Countries' Development Path: Experience and Theory -- Correction to: Y. Ouyang, Large Countries' Development Path: Experience and Theory, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5695-8.

Tanzania has embarked on several radical measures to restructure its economy and governance structures, including local governments. For more than four decades, Tanzania has been striving relentlessly for effective decentralisation measures, yet the progress has been slow. The country has passed through several phases of decentralisation, with each phase inheriting some criticised characteristics that have been difficult to dismantle in the successive phases. For example, previously recognised mistakes have continued to block any attempts to diverge from the direction set by the Ujamaa policies. It is argued here that various attempts at decentralisation by the central government since the 1960s in Tanzania have fallen short of the government's intentions to establish effective local governance. This being the case, two important questions prevail: Why has Tanzania made little progress towards effective decentralisation, despite various attempts to devolve powers from the centre? Why has Tanzania not fully decentralised, as echoed in the policy paper on Decentralisation-by-Devolution (D-by-D)? There have been a number of explanations for this retardation along the path to decentralisation. This article reflects upon the tenability of path dependency theory which posits that the longer an institution has been in place, the more resilient it is to change.

Part 1 of this guide covers many of the practical details and much of the background information useful to know before arrival in Kenya. Part 2 is divided into seven sections: Nairobi and around; the Central Highlands; the Rift Valley; Western Kenya; the Mombasa Road and major game parks; the Coast; the North. The book's concluding section has a short history and articles on music and writing, an annotated reading list and a beginner's guide to Swahili