Suchergebnisse

This study explores the reconstruction of Iranian national identity during the Mohammad Reza Shah era (1953 to 1979). Drawing on materials collected from the memoirs and statements of the Shah and the key actors of the era and using Historical Sociology in International Relations as its theoretical backbone, it aims to unravel the constitutive role of the international on the formation of Iranian state nationalism. It argues that in order to understand the meaning attached to being Iranian, we should look into the specifics of international- domestic interaction, as Iranian national identity has been framed and re-framed by the Shah alongside the changing dynamics born out of specific interaction between the domestic and international dynamics. The Shah's interpretation of Iranian identity emerged and evolved at the intersection of his endeavours for gaining legitimacy against the legacy of Mosaddeq and his popular nationalism at the domestic level and for reclaiming the actorness of Iran during the Cold War at the international level. Playing inwards and outwards, the Shah sought to deconstruct the content of Iranian nationalism articulated by Mosaddeq and to give a new meaning to Iranian nationalism. Serving as the ideological glue of his state building, it was characterized by a strong belief in the rapid industrialization, emphasis on unity rather than diversity, uniqueness of Iranian identity vis-à-vis the East and the West, and presentation of the Shah as the real and moral representative of the Iranian people.

Despite the nature of American influence in postwar Iran, and despite the fact that Iranian studies has grown into a flourishing field in the United States, scholars have not explored the field's origins during the Cold War era. This article begins with the life of T. Cuyler Young to trace the critical genealogy within the field as it developed, in cooperation between American and Iranian scholars, during the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. It proceeds to analyze two cohorts of American scholars whose political inclinations ranged from liberal reformism to revolutionary Marxism. As revolutionary momentum swelled in Iran in the late 1970s, critical scholars broke through superpower dogmas and envisioned a post-shah Iran. However, Cold War teleologies prevented them from fully grasping Iranian realities, particularly Khomeini's vision for Iran. This article argues that the modern field of Iranian studies in the United States was shaped by multiple generations of critical voices, all of which were informed by historically situated encounters with Iran and expressed through a range of methodological and theoretical perspectives.

[Reza Khan] seemed to me a strong and fearless man who had his country's good at heart. —Sir Edmund Ironside, recalling late 1920 Reza… has never spoken for himself, nor… [his] Government… but only on behalf of his country… —Sir Percy Loraine, January 1922 He is secretive, suspicious and ignorant; he appears wholly unable to grasp the realities of the situation or to realise the force of the hostility he has aroused. —Harold Nicolson, September 1926 I fear we can do nothing to humanise this bloodthirsty lunatic. —Sir Robert Vansittart, December 1933 Born in obscurity about 1878 and soon orphaned, Reza Pahlavi enlisted at fifteen in a Russian-officered Cossack brigade. Rising through the ranks, he provided force for a February 1921 coup d'état, seizing power for journalist Sayyid Zia alDin Tabatabai. Reza Khan provided strength in the new government and rose from army commander to minister of war (April 1921) to prime minister (1923) and, after failing to make a republic in 1924, to the throne in 1925. As shah he ruled with increasingly arbitrary power until Britain and Russia deposed him in 1941. He died in exile in 1944.

Maģistra darba tēma ir "Ataturka un Reza Šaha modernizācijas politikas salīdzinošā analīze". Darbā tiek salīdzinātas divu musulmaņu valstu līderu modernizācijas politika, Ataturka un Reza Šaha Pehlevi. Tiek izskatīta kustības modernizācija Turcijā un Irānā, kur tendence tika virzīta rietumu iespaidā. Vesternizācija un modernizācija ir sasniegumu galvenais fenomens. Ipaša uzmanība ir pievērsta uz atšķirību un līdzību, rietumu kustības iespaidā. Darba mērķis ir salīdzināt un analizēt divu harizmātisko līderu lomu, modernizācijas politikas attīstība Turcijā un Irānā. Darba pirmaja daļā tiek aplūkota Osmāņu impērija un Kadžaru dinastija Irānā pirms modernizācijas, kur tiks izskatīta sociāli politiskā un ekonomiskā attīstība un arī konstuticionālā kustība. . Otrajā daļā tiek apskatīta Ataturka un Reza Šaha sociāli politiskā, ekonomiskā loma, modernizācijas attīstībā. ; The topic of master's thesis is "Comparative analysis on modernization policies of Ataturk and Reza Shah." In this work is compared the modernization policies of the two Muslim leaders Ataturk and Reza Shah, considered modernization movements in Turkey and Iran, where the tendency was based of Western influence. Westernization and modernization is the main phenomenon of achievement. Particular attention is paid to the differences and similarities of the movements of Western influence. The main goal of this thesis is to compare and analyze the role of two charismatic leaders in the development of the modernization policies of Turkey and Iran.The first part deals with the Ottoman Empire and the Qajar dynasty in Iran before modernization, where will be considered by social-political, economic development, and also the constitutional movement.In the second part is considered the role of Ataturk and Reza Shah in the social-political, economic development of modernization.