Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis article examines a memorandum of understanding (MOU) between Chicago's Mexican Consulate and the Illinois Department of Child and Family Services (DCFS), which obliges DCFS to provide prompt consular notification after assuming protective custody of a Mexican or Mexican American minor. Developed in 2001, this bilateral agreement also enables consular officials to gain access to child welfare cases involving their minor nationals and requires DCFS to consider placing such minors with their deported or noncustodial parents in Mexico, whenever possible. Drawing on ethnographic research collected in Chicago and Mexico from 2016 to 2019, I explore the possibilities created through the MOU, which not only opens up new opportunities for transnational family reunification in Mexico but also enables Mexican institutions to challenge DCFS's expertise. And yet, the MOU also produces what I call "interstitial precarity" for the minors it tries to help. This is a lack of belonging, stability, and recognition that results not from the denial of one's citizenship but from falling between the cracks of multiple, discordant bureaucratic systems. Accordingly, this article evaluates the MOU's potential to expand the family‐making options available to mixed‐status families through a dialectical reading of its romantic and tragic effects. [child welfare, reunification, transnational, immigration, precarity]

Spanish prisoners deported to the Mauthausen Nazi concentration camp were treated and classified in an anomalous and problematic fashion that did not correspond to the real reasons for their detention. Thus, despite being prosecuted as Rotspaniers – 'red Spaniards' – a category initially employed to designate those Germans who had fought in the Spanish Civil War in support of the republican government, they were systematically forced to wear a blue badge that, according to the codes usually implemented in camps, classified them as 'emigrants', an equally strange category that was applied to all those Jews or political exiles who had fled Germany following the rise of Nazism but had been arrested upon their return to the country. This reality, however, was not shared by the other Spaniards distributed across the other camps in the system or by the other Rotspaniers present in Mauthausen, who were given the red badge that indicated they were political prisoners. This is the anomaly addressed by this article, which, based on study of the administrative sources at Mauthausen and thorough analysis of 'protective custody' as a legal instrument employed by the Nazi authorities to neutralize their enemies, enables us to revisit the debate and propose a new interpretative framework through which to re-evaluate the Spanish experience in the network of German camps.

1 Introduction -- Overview of the Book -- Notes and References -- 2 Studies of Decision Making in Child Welfare and Sources of Information for Decision Making -- Decision-Making Studies: A Brief Review -- Information -- Discussion -- Notes and References -- 3 Judgment and Decision Making -- Knowledge Structures and Judgmental Strategies -- Summary -- Discussion -- Notes and References -- 4 A Model for Decision Making -- The Program Environment -- Reception -- The Investigation -- Guidelines for Determining Whether a Child Is in Immediate Danger and, if so, Whether Protective Custody Is Necessary -- Determining Whether There Is Credible Evidence of Abuse or Neglect -- Notes and References -- 5 Description of the Illinois/West Virginia Project -- Project Implementation: The Field Test Sites -- The Research Hypotheses and Research Design -- Case Characteristics -- Training Workers for the Field Test -- Consultation with Project Workers and Supervisors -- Reliability -- Results -- Notes and References -- 6 The Process of Decision Making -- Decisions Made by Workers and Others: An Overview -- Summary of Decisions Mode by Workers -- The Decision Making Process -- Summary of Decision Making Process -- Notes and References -- 7 The Outcomes of Decision Making -- The Outcome of Using Structured Decision-Making Procedures -- Summary -- A Search for Predictor Variables -- A Finding of Credible Evidence -- Discussion -- Limitations of the Study -- Notes and References -- 8 Implications of the Study -- Implications for Child Welfare Practice -- Summary -- Implications for Administration -- Summary -- Implications for the Education of Child Welfare Workers -- Notes and References -- Subject/Author Index.

Philippine anti-trafficking and women's rights legislation constructs sex work as victimhood. This understanding of prostitution positions interventions such as raids, rescue operations, and rehabilitation programs as core strategies for "protecting" and "empowering" all sex workers, regardless of their individual circumstances. Rehabilitation in this context refers to a range of psychosocial, medical, education, legal, protective custody, and economic services that help those designated as victims recover and reintegrate into society. There is a glaring lack of data on whether the socio-economic situations of rehabilitated women have improved and the current spaces for political advocacy by "survivors" are controlled by their rescuers. This paper draws on extensive interviews with ten Filipino women who were placed in anti-trafficking shelters for rehabilitation, only four of whom identified as trafficking victim. Their experiences show that rehabilitation programs have fallen short of their own goals of providing women access to resources and upholding their self-determination, not least because rehabilitation opportunities were conditional on exiting sex work and cooperation in the prosecution of perpetrators, regardless of women's preferences. Furthermore, unless rescued women provided a credible performance of victimhood, they were abandoned, failed, and stigmatised by organisations that purported to care for them. This paper also argues that the disciplinary practices and moral regulations to which women were subjected are part of an ideological project that constructs sex work as deviance and directs women towards low-paying, labour-intensive alternatives that conform to normative femininity. In doing so, rehabilitation addresses the problem of trafficking by repairing "problematic" individuals rather than strengthening demands for social justice and redistribution.

The current article aims to explain the different protective measures for minors immersed in social and familial conflict situations regulated by the Spanish communal territorial statute law. Public administrative organisms assume competencies in this matter by authorising the taking of different measures depending on the specific circumstances of each case. Undoubtedly, it can be confirmed that the current legal framework has achieved the integrated protection of those children and youngsters whose parents or tutors do not meet, or do so faultily, the duties associated with parental custody. However, its application in practice has also shown the problems and deficiencies this normative framework suffers from. ; peer-reviewed

In early April 2008, based on a single allegation of child abuse, the state of Texas and Child Protective Services (CPS) executed a raid on the Fundamentalist Latter-day Saints, a polygamous Mormon group living on the "Yearning for Zion" ranch in Eldorado, Texas. The raid involved the immediate removal of over 400 children who were then placed in protective custody in nearby San Angelo. Despite the fact that the initial abuse allegation was determined to be a hoax, the raid was the catalyst for a long and drawn-out legal battle over whether the FLDS were suitable parents. While CPS described this case as a series of clear-cut instances of child sexual abuse, I contend that much more lay below the surface. I argue that CPS's simple narrative of the FLDS as an unthinking and brainwashed monolithic cult missed the deep complexities of this case. Specifically, I submit that an analysis of the FLDS raid requires attention to the ways in which religion and sexuality function as dual sites of legal, constitutional, and political regulation. Considering topics such as the category of religion and religious freedom, the notion of public order, and the legal construction of the child and the family, I examine ways that the FLDS - representing both a religious and a sexual minority - face a peculiar set of difficulties when attempting to interface with the law. Drawing heavily on theories of secularism, religious freedom constitutional jurisprudence, classical liberal philosophy and its contemporary critics, as well as queer theory, I unpack and explore the nuances of the initial 14-day hearing to determine child custody as well as subsequent decisions from the Third Court of Appeals in Austin and the Texas Supreme Court. Formative of my theoretical interventions and jurisprudential analyses are the in-person interviews I conducted with ad-litem attorneys who served as legal guardians for FLDS minors after the raid. The ad-litem attorneys were responsible for articulating to the court the best interests of the FLDS minors. Because it provided insight into the relationship between the FLDS and the law, the ethnographic component of this dissertation is crucial to the formulation of many of my central claims about the FLDS as both religious and sexual minorities. Ultimately, I describe how, regardless of one's political position on whether the raid itself was justified, the law's tumultuous relationship with FLDS difference produced many undesirable outcomes. From the smooth reunion of FLDS parents with their children, to a comprehensive determination of whether actual sexual abuse had occurred in every household, the structure of the law presented a serious roadblock to the resolution of many of the raid's central conflicts.

Feminist Advocacy: Gendered Organizations in Community Based Responses to Domestic Violence examines feminist advocacy in domestic violence organizations including shelters, the justice system, and child protective services. This book provides an analysis of advocacy responses to shelter rules, protective orders, no-drop prosecution, mandatory arrest, dual arrest, failure to protect, and lost custody. Feminist Advocacy is directed toward social work, human services, or criminology students, advocates and practitioners, academic researchers, and those interested in intimate partner violence

Evidence linking alcohol and other drug abuse with child maltreatment, particularly neglect, is strong. But does substance abuse cause maltreatment? According to Mark Testa and Brenda Smith, such co-occurring risk factors as parental depression, social isolation, homelessness, or domestic violence may be more directly responsible than substance abuse itself for maltreatment. Interventions to prevent substance abuse–related maltreatment, say the authors, must attend to the underlying direct causes of both.

Research on whether prevention programs reduce drug abuse or help parents control substance use and improve their parenting has had mixed results, at best. The evidence raises questions generally about the effectiveness of substance abuse services in preventing child maltreatment. Such services, for example, raise only marginally the rates at which parents are reunified with children who have been placed in foster care. The primary reason for the mixed findings, say Testa and Smith, is that almost all the parents face not only substance abuse problems but the co-occurring issues as well. To prevent recurring maltreatment and promote reunification, programs must ensure client progress in all problem areas.

At some point in the intervention process, say Testa and Smith, attention must turn to the child's permanency needs and well-being. The best evidence to date suggests that substance-abusing parents pose no greater risk to their children than do parents of other children taken into child protective custody. It may be sensible, say the authors, to set a six-month timetable for parents to engage in treatment and allow twelve to eighteen months for them to show sufficient progress in all identified problem areas. After that, permanency plans should be expedited to place the child with a relative caregiver or in an adoptive home.

Investing in parental recovery from substance abuse and dependence, the authors conclude, should not substitute for a comprehensive approach that addresses the multiple social and economic risks to child well-being beyond the harms associated with parental substance abuse.

In Fixing Families, Jennifer Reich takes us inside Child Protective Services for an in-depth look at the entire organization. Following families from the beginning of a case to its discharge, Reich shows how parents negotiate with the state for custody of their children, and how being held accountable to the state affects a family

Families with child maltreatment and parental substance use disorders are a growing population with complex needs. The Sobriety Treatment and Recovery Teams (START) is an integrated model that pairs child protective service workers with family mentors and partners with treatment providers. This is a prospective naturalistic evaluation comparing rates of adult sobriety and child placement in state custody using provider-collected data merged with state administrative data sets. All families in the served and comparison groups had equal risks to child safety. Mothers achieved sobriety at 1.8 times the rate of typical treatment; children were placed in state custody at half the rate expected. These results support START as an effective integrated program.

Due to the increasing number of married servicemembers with children, the family court system is seeing more divorce and custody cases involving military parents and children. The media has highlighted cases in which military members have lost custody of their children ostensibly due to extended deployments required by their military employer. In order to avoid penalizing military members for service to their country while acting in the best interests of children, it is essential that the family courts understand and take into account the unique challenges of military families. This article provides an overview of the military family experience and reviews the literature regarding the military deployment cycle, including its impact on parents, children and the family system. Developmental and contextual considerations and recommendations in the determination of custody for military children are discussed.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
The family attachment network model is useful in developing objective standards and identifying risk and protective factors for military families.
In custody cases involving military families who have experienced deployment, assessment of current and retrospective individual and family functioning (e.g., before, during, after deployment) is necessary.
Current child behaviors may be normal responses to extended separation(s) and subsequent reunion(s) with a deployed parent.
Key considerations and recommendations in custody evaluations for military families are offered.

Chain of Custody/Chain of EvidenceEvidence Processing Strategies; Documentation of Original Appearance; Avoiding Cross-contamination; Documentation of Process Application; Visual Examination; CHEMICAL PROCESSING; Chemical Process Types; Reagents; Dye Stain; Detection and Development; Contaminant; Reagent Application; Reagent Development; Chemical Process Types; Personal Protective Equipment (PPE); Mixing Supplies; PHYSICAL PROCESSING; Development with Powders; When to Use Powders; Equipment; Powder Selection; Brush Selection; Method; Recovery and Preservation; The Second Lift

El presente artículo pretende la exposición de las diferentes medidas jurídicas de protección para los menores inmersos en situaciones conflictivas familiares y sociales reguladas por el Derecho estatal tras la reforma legislativa efectuada en el 2015. Los organismos administrativos competentes en esta materia deben aplicar las distintas medidas protectoras en función de las específicas circunstancias de cada caso. De forma indudable, se puede afirmar que la actual normativa en vigor ha conseguido, en líneas generales, la protección integral de esos menores cuyos padres o tutores no ejercen, o lo hacen inadecuadamente, sus obligaciones derivadas de la patria potestad. Sin embargo, su aplicación práctica ha puesto de relieve las deficiencias de las que esta legislación adolece. En este estudio, expondremos el sistema jurídico de protección de menor regulado en el ámbito estatal y realizaremos un juicio crítico sobre el mismo ; The current article aims to explain the different protective measures for minors immersed in social and familial conflict situations regulated by the Spanish regulation after the legislative reform carried out in 2015. Public administrative organisms assume competencies in this matter by authorising the taking of different measures depending on the specific circumstances of each case. Undoubtedly, it can be confirmed that the current legal framework has achieved the integrated protection of those children and youngsters whose parents or tutors do not meet, or do so faultily, the duties associated with parental custody. However, its application in practice has also shown the problems and deficiencies this normative framework suffers from. In this study, it will be presented the legal system in the protection of children as regulated in the state law as well as a critical opinion on it to be conducted afterwards.

SUMMARY: One of the major paradoxes in child protective services in the United States is that children removed from their homes on protective orders and placed in foster and group care face continued abuse. These children are reported at two to three times the rates of children living with their families.Investigations are performed by the very system that marks placements. In the US, some recommend resolving these problems by withdrawing from the active protection of children in care. Others hold that because children are in the care and custody of the state, and demand a higher standard of care, specialised prevention, identification. reporting and investigation initiatives are necessary to ensure their safety. This has important implications for other countries, especially the United Kingdom with its recent spate of inquiries into abuse in residential care.