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This book explains why we should stop thinking of freedom as limited to a right to be left alone. It explores how Kantian philosophy and Jewish thought instead give rise to a concept of positive freedom. At heart, freedom is inextricably linked to the obligation to respect the autonomy and dignity of others. Freedom thus requires relationships with others and provides an important source of meaning in liberal democratic societies. While individualism is said to foster detachment, positive freedom fosters relations. Moving from moral theory to law, duties are seen as intrinsic to rights. The book considers test cases involving the law of expression, regarding authorial rights and women's prayer at Jerusalem's holy site of the Western Wall. Affirmative duties of respect are essential. Rights held by copyright owners require that all authors - including so-called users - are shown respect. Moreover, rights held by the authorities at the Western Wall require that all worshippers - including those whose interpretation of Jewish law differs from that adopted by the authorities - are respected.

Предложенная Ханна Арендт концепция свободы занимает исключительное место в современной политической теории. Во-первых, эта концепция позитивна, что ставит ее в оппозицию к обеим актуальным негативным концепциям свободы, либеральной (Исайя Берлин) и республиканской (Квентин Скиннер, Филип Петтит). Сравнение между теориями Арендт и Петтита позволяет указать несколько моментов выразительного логического антагонизма. На этом основании вводится понятие «школы мысли», которое играет существенную роль при последующем рассмотрении арендтовского реализма. Во-вторых, несмотря на то, что учение Арендт о свободе достаточно типично для континентальной школы мысли (Мартин Хайдеггер, Жиль Делёз, Ален Бадью), ее решение той проблемы, которую представляет собой свобода, скорее сближает ее позицию с представителями либеральной традиции. В-третьих, на мой взгляд, эту двусмысленную ситуацию необходимо считать скорее проявлением политического реализма, отличающего теорию Арендт, чем тривиальной непоследовательностью мышления. Именно политический реализм является по-настоящему уникальной частью интеллектуального наследия этого мыслителя. Осознание специфики ее подхода способно привести к серьезным изменениям в современной политической философии. Наконец, в финале статьи дается анализ сформулированного Арендт решения проблемы свободы, а также предлагается интерпретация ряда, на первый взгляд, неожиданных и даже не совсем уместных понятий (например, «превосходство» или «элита»), без которых тем не менее не обходится арендтовская трактовка свободы. Хотя в конечном счете ее решение кажется искусственным, оно открывает многообещающее поле политических исследований, связанных с понятием «благожелательное превосходство». ; Hannah Arendt's concept of freedom is exceptional in contemporary political theory. First, it is positive, which puts it into opposition to the both current versions of its negative counterpart, the liberal (Isaiah Berlin), and the republican (Quentin Skinner, Philip Pettit) concepts of freedom. In particular, a comparison between Arendt's and Pettit's approaches allows establishing some striking points of antagonistic logical mirroring. Based on this, the notion of "schools of thought" is introduced, which plays an essential role in the subsequent discussion of Arendtian realism. Second, although Arendt's theory of freedom shares features that are common to the major continental thinkers, like Martin Heidegger, Gilles Deleuze, or Alain Badiou, her solution to the problem of freedom aligns her closer to the liberals. Third, I argue that one should consider this logical irregularity as evidence in favor of her political realism, rather than a trivial inconsistency. This realism is the genuinely exceptional part of her legacy, which may guide us eventually, with modifications applied, to a paradigm shift in the current political philosophy. Finally, I present an evaluation of her solution to the problem of freedom, and a brief follow-up to some seemingly-out-of-place Arendtian notions, such as "excellence" and "elite." Although in the final analysis, her solution seems to be artificial, it opens up a new promising area of research related to the notion of "benevolent excellence."

Family carers have high rates of stress, anxiety and depression, but there are also positive aspects of caregiving. The aim of this study is to explore correlates of caregiving competence, a positive aspect of caregiving, in 146 female family carers. Regression analyses identify that self-efficacy for controlling upsetting thoughts, caregiver preparedness and self-reassurance were significantly related to caregiving competence, after controlling for contextual variables. These findings indicate that mental health practitioners working with family carers should target positive psychosocial mechanisms, along with factors directly related to the caregiving situation, to enhance carer well-being and promote sustainable care.

Despite the number of narratives regarding the negative outcomes and experiences of the Down to the Countryside Movement during the Cultural Revolution, there is a scarce amount of literature in the West regarding the fringe benefits of the movement. The historiography in the field is limited, with most Western writers only focusing on the unfortunate consequences of the movement, such as violence, rape, limited access to education, and the strain on families affected by the political movement. The purpose of this study is to give a voice to the Chinese sent-down youth whose positive thoughts on the Down to the Countryside are often not addressed in the West. This is done by the evaluation of memoirs in the form of books and journal articles. By analyzing these works, one finds that many of the sent-down youth had positive experiences during their time in the countryside. These include but are not limited to developing a strong work ethic, making long-lasting friendships with other sent-down youths as well as with peasants, and, for young women, developing a sense of equality with young men due to their effort in hard, manual labor. This study is significant because it can serve as a framework for future research into the lives and experiences of the sent-down youth. ; 2018-08-01 ; M.A. ; Arts and Humanities, History ; Masters ; This record was generated from author submitted information.

The goal of positive youth development is to build & strengthen assets that enable youth to grow & flourish throughout life. In this article, the definition, origins, & assessment of character strengths & ways of fostering them are discussed. Character strengths are here defined as a family of positive traits reflected in thoughts, feelings, & behaviors. Character strengths are important in their own right, but they additionally promote well-being & buffer against psychological disorders among youth. Good parenting, close relationships with peer & family, positive role models, positive institutions, & various youth development programs play important roles in the development of character strengths. Character strengths exist in degrees, & they can be measured as individual differences. Future studies should approach character strengths as multidimensional constructs to understand better the structure & development of character, & how it contributes to positive youth development. 65 References. [Copyright 2004 Sage Publications, Inc.]

The goal of positive youth development is to build and strengthen assets that enable youth to grow and flourish throughout life. In this article, the definition, origins, and assessment of character strengths and ways of fostering them are discussed. Character strengths are here defined as a family of positive traits reflected in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Character strengths are important in their own right, but they additionally promote well-being and buffer against psychological disorders among youth. Good parenting, close relationships with peer and family, positive role models, positive institutions, and various youth development programs play important roles in the development of character strengths. Character strengths exist in degrees, and they can be measured as individual differences. Future studies should approach character strengths as multidimensional constructs to understand better the structure and development of character, and how it contributes to positive youth development.

"Isaiah Berlin made a now classic distinction between negative and positive conceptions of freedom. In this book Yildiz Silier introduces a fresh way of looking at these conceptions and presents a new defence of the positive conception of freedom. Revealing how the internal debate between various versions of negative freedom give rise to hybrid conceptions of freedom which in turn are superseded by various versions of the positive conception of freedom, Silier concludes that Marx's concrete historical account of positive freedom resolves many of the key debates in this area and provides a fruitful framework to evaluate the freedoms and unfreedoms that are specific to capitalism. This book examines the thought of the paradigm thinkers in this debate, F.A. Hayek on negative freedom and T.H. Green on positive freedom and then ranges over the contributions to this debate made by both classical thinkers such as Kant, Hegel, and Marx, and those involved in contemporary debates on communitarianism, capitalism and self-determination, such as C. Taylor, D. Miller, F. Oppenheim and C.B. Macpherson."--Provided by publisher.

Foreword / Diane Keeble-Ramsay -- Challenges of age for workplace development / Diane Keeble-Ramsay -- Leadership, millennials and ageing / Kevin Roe -- Challenging the way we engage an aging workforce / Jonathan Smith and Jonathan Martin -- Menopausal/post-menopausal women and maternal career disruption / Diane Keeble-Ramsay, Julia Claxton and Kathleen Ridealgh -- Not so many happy returns / Bronwyn Betts and Diane Keeble-Ramsay -- Feeling phoney : the workplace implications of the imposter phenomenon on women / Theresa Simpkin -- Virginia woolf and age-old feminism / Lloyd Gray -- Ageism and career blocking : toxic workplaces and ethical dilemmas / Andrew Armitage -- Tales from academia: the mad set / Michelle Liang, Aileen Lawless and Deborah Humphreys (LJMU) -- Concluding thoughts and future directions / Andrew Armitage -- Index

This essay argues that there are several positive aspects of Socratic ignorance which have received insufficient scholarly attention: that Socrates' claim not to have knowledge of the 'highest things' raises the possibility that there is a body of truth to be discovered along these lines; that this possibility invigorates Socrates with a sense of wonder; and that several specific moral requirements can be generated from wonder and the knowledge of one's ignorance.

Nurturing, maintaining and supporting positive identity formation for children and young people in residential child care is an under researched area. Reasons for this are varied not least the fact that residential child care is still often not perceived as a positive choice for children and young people. Concerns about cost, value for money, the quality and effectiveness of care have been exacerbated by findings from recent national and international government commissioned Inquiries into allegations of historical abuse experienced by children and young people in residential child care. Their findings raise serious questions about whether residential care can ever be a positive choice, whether it can offer high quality care that promotes social, emotional and psychological wellbeing and in particular whether it can nurture and support positive identity formation. Using an adaptation of Honneth's recognition theory and applying it to residential child care practice, this paper contributes to the growing body of work which argues that residential child care is a positive choice and that it has a key role to play in positive identity formation. The paper ends with some thoughts regarding implications for policy and practice.

Positive smoker identity (PSI) is a construct that evaluates the degree of smokers&rsquo ; positive thoughts, images and feeling about smoking behavior and culture. PSI encompasses the indicators related to tobacco denormalization strategy, which is one of the four WHO tobacco endgame strategies. PSmoQi is a newly validated instrument which could reliably assess PSI. This study&rsquo ; s objectives were to determine the prevalence of positive smoker identity and its associated factors using PSmoQi. A sample of 253 smokers from government agencies in Kota Bharu City, Malaysia were recruited using invitation letters sent to their head of agencies. Data collection was done in a briefing session voluntary attended by the smokers. Factors associated with PSI were analyzed using Multiple Logistic Regression. The prevalence of smokers with positive smoker identity was 72.3%. Factors associated with positive smoker identity were older age (Adjusted Odds ratio ; AOR: 1.042 ; 95% confident interval ; CI: 1.004, 1.081) ; p = 0.028), higher smoking self-concept scale Malay version (SSCS-M) score (AOR: 1.216 ; 95% CI: 1.112, 1.329 ; p < ; 0.001), higher heaviness index (AOR: 1.002 ; 95% CI: 1.001, 1.004 ; p = 0.011) and lower educational attainment (AOR: 0.458 ; 95% CI: 0.233, 0.900 ; p = 0.024). This study shows a high prevalence of PSI among smokers from government agencies in Kota Bharu City. Factors such as age, SSCS-M score, heaviness index and educational attainment influenced the level of positive smoker identity in a smoker. The finding would contribute an evidentiary guideline in screening smokers for smoking cessation clinic enrollment to achieve the best interventional outcome, as well as it would provide an objective indicator for tobacco denormalization status in a population.