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AbstractWhat role did migration play in the making of modern Britain? We now have a good sense of how ethnicity, class, religion and gender structured immigrants' experience and what impact they had on Britain's culture, society and economy. But as Nancy Green pointed out almost two decades ago, scholars of migration must focus on exit as well as entry. Such a call to study 'the politics of exit' is especially apposite in the case of the UK. For in every decade between 1850 and 1980 (with the exception of the 1930s), the UK experienced net emigration year on year. This article analyses this outflow of migrants to reveal a new vision of the UK as an 'emigration state'. The article employs this concept to make a new argument about the formation of migration policy in the UK and offers a revised account of the geographical boundaries of the modern British state.

In this paper, we analyse the effect of emigration from Poland on Polish wages. Focusing on the 1998-2007 period for Poland, we use a unique dataset that contains information about household members who are currently living abroad, which allows us to develop region-specific emigration rates and to estimate the effect of emigration on wages using within-region variation. Our findings show that emigration led to a slight increase in wages for high- and medium-skilled workers, which are the two groups with the largest relative outmigration rates. Workers at the low end of the skill distribution might have experienced wage decreases.

This article discusses a number of the ways in which marriage & migration interacted in European sending areas for migration in the 19th & early 20th centuries. It also speculates as to some of the ramifications of those changes in marriage & migration patterns. In particular, it uses sources from the Netherlands in the late 19th & early 20th century to illustrate a few patterns, some quantitative ones already well known to scholars of demography & some qualitative ones which have received less attention, & poses some hypotheses that other researchers can pursue for other emigration regions & periods. Unlike international migrants from many sending regions, where single men dominated the migration of this period, those from the Netherlands at the turn of the century tended more often to move in family units. In discussing these issues, this article demonstrates the degree to which marriage in the sending country was affected by migration, offering a variety of insights into the way in which these changes were of a gendered nature. Adapted from the source document.

Censuses of population and housing in the United States are of particular interest to experts in many disciplines – in addition to statisticians, also to demographers, political scientists, sociologists, historians, and even psychologists and anthropologists. This is so not only because of the long history of US censuses (the first census in the US was carried out in 1790) or methodological innovations, but due to immigration responsible for the dynamic population growth, and to the specific purpose of the census, which is ensuring the proportional (according to the numer of inhabitants) distribution of seats in the lower chamber of Congress and federal funds (apportionment), guaranteed by the US Constitution. The heterogeneity of the American society, both in the racial-ethnic and religious-cultural sense, in addition to the above considerations, raise questions about the purposes of those changes and directions for improvement in subsequent censuses. The aim of the article is to present the problems and challenges related to censuses in the USA. The paper focuses on methodological and operational solutions that can be implemented thanks to several improvements, including the progress in the fields of statistics and technology. The paper also discusses the issues of credibility of the census data, based on the example of immigration from Poland and the Polish diaspora in the USA.

Title -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Abbreviations -- Preface -- 1 'Shovelling Out the Paupers': The Irish Poor Law and Assisted Emigration During the Great Famine -- 2 The Mechanics of Assisted Emigration: From the Fitzwilliam Estate in Wicklow to Canada -- 3 The Experience of Irish Women Transported to Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) During the Famine -- 4 Reporting the Irish Famine in America: Images of 'Suffering Ireland' in the American Press, 1845-1848 -- 5 Widows' and Dependent Parents' American Civil War Pension Files: A New Source for the Irish Emigrant Experience -- 6 From Emigrant to Fenian: Patrick A. Collins and the Boston Irish -- 7 The Women of Ballykilcline, County Roscommon: Claiming New Ground -- 8 Constructing an Immigrant Profile: Using Statistics to Identify Famine Immigrants in Toledo, Ohio, 1850-1900 -- 9 'The Chained Wolves': Young Ireland in Exile -- 10 'There is No Person Starving Here': Australia and the Great Famine -- 11 The Irish in Australia: Remembering and Commemorating the Great Famine -- 12 'Une Voix D'Irlande': Integration, Migration, and Travelling Nationalism Between Famine Ireland and Quebec -- 13 Languages of Memory: Jeremiah Gallagher and the Grosse Île Famine Monument -- Copyright

THE AUTHOR SURVEYS THE SOLIDARITY MOVEMENT IN POLAND AND EXAMINES ITS RELATION TO SOCIALISM.

Since Pascal Coste's designs for the Citadel mosque (1823) and throughout the whole century, Cairene architecture, whether public, religious or domestic, experienced the development of Mamluk revivals. Though sharing common references, structures in the Mamluk style (or "Arab" style as it was by then termed) were rather diverse and generally highly eclectic. Yet historicist expressions can also be identified. One such distinctive formula of the Mamluk style emerges from the works attributed to Saber Sabri (c. 1840-1915), the Chief Engineer of the Waqf Administration from 1892 to 1906. The paper proposes to discuss Sabri's architectural achievements in the light of his classical formation (an education in mathematics) and professional activities (as teacher and conservationist) as well as within their architectural and political context.