Suchergebnisse

Abstract
Estimates of occupational disease burden provide important information on which effective policy and regulations can be developed. However, there is no direct way that these data can be obtained, and most burden estimates are derived by merging different data from diverse sources to synthesize estimates of the number of people made ill or who have died from workplace exposures. In recent years, several research groups have published estimates of occupational health burden at national or global scales; these are not always consistent. The World Health Organisation and the International Labour Organisation have taken on the task of producing occupational disease burden estimates for several workplace agents, which we assume are to be seen as the definitive global, regional, and national data. In this commentary, we critique the WHO/ILO approach for their estimates of the non-melanoma skin cancer burden from solar ultraviolet radiation and some of their results for hazardous particulates. We provide recommendations for researchers undertaking occupational burden estimates that they should report along with their data.

Workplace injuries are common, avoidable, and unacceptable. The Political Economy of Workplace Injury in Canada reveals how employers and governments engage in ineffective injury prevention efforts, intervening only when necessary to maintain the standard legitimacy. Dr. Bob Barnetson sheds light on this faulty system, highlighting the way in which employers create dangerous work environments yet pour billions of dollars into compensation and treatment. Examining this dynamic clarifies the way in which production costs are passed on to workers in the form of workplace injuries

La mobilité d'occupations couvrant trois et quatre générations est examinée afin de fournir une perspective additionnelle sur les procédés de mobilité au Canada, et spécialément de prouver les hypothèses sur les attributs cumulatifs d'état familial. Dans un échantillonnage national récent, des sujets mâles out fourni des données sur leurs occupations en plus de celles de leurs pères, grandpères et fils aînés. Les résultats de l'analyse des statistiques sont comparés. On trouve des rapports directs entre les rangs d'occupations couvrant plus de trois générations, mais, tel que prévu, ici les effets sont relativement faibles comparés à ceux entre pères et fils. Avec surprise, peut‐être, on ne trouve pas d'association entre les occupations des arrière‐grands‐pères et celles des arrière‐petitsfils. On découvre aussi qu'il y a évidence d'un effet de rang constant (pour le fang familial dans deux générations antérieures) sur les rangs obtenus des répondants. Les répondants de classe moyenne (cols blancs), de pères et grands‐pères de même classe, sont plus nombreux que prévu en utilisant un modèle de calcul simple. Les résultats suggèrent aussi que l'effet du rang social du grand‐père sur l'occupation dans la troisième génération du petit‐fils. On étudie aussi les implications des résultats pour interpréter le niveau attributs vs. accomplissement dans la société canadienne.Occupational mobility over three and four generations is examined in order to provide additional perspective on Canada's mobility processes and especially to test hypotheses of cumulative family ascription. Data are provided by male respondents' reports, in a recent national sample survey, of their own occupations plus those of their fathers, grandfathers, and eldest sons. Results using correlational, regression, and matrix analyses are compared. Direct links between occupational status scores over three generations are found but, as would be expected, the effects here are relatively low compared to those between fathers and sons. Perhaps surprisingly the occupations of great‐grandfathers and great‐grandsons are found to show no association. Among other findings, there is some evidence of a status consistency effect (for family status in two earlier generations) on respondents' status attainments. White‐collar respondents with white‐collar fathers and grandfathers are more numerous than would be expected according to a simple additive model. Results also suggest that the effect of grandfather's status on occupation in the third generation is channelled through the grandson's education. Implications of the findings for interpretations of the level of ascription vs achievement in Canadian society are discussed.

Workers in the water industry are sometimes exposed to infectious micro‐organisms, particularly during the treatment and disposal of sewage. There is a legal requirement for water companies to appraise the degree of risk to which employees are exposed and then take appropriate action to minimize such risks. This is accomplished, to a large extent, by first understanding how infectious diseases are spread, and then devising safety practices to minimize occupational exposure to pathogenic micro‐organisms. Examples are given of types of communicable disease potentially associated with drinking water treatment (Legionnaires' disease and leptospirosis), as well as sewage treatment (viral gastroenteritis, AIDS and hepatitis B). The degree of perceived occupational risk associated with these pathogenic micro‐organisms is discussed along with preventative measures that can be implemented to minimize actual risk. There is no justification for enhanced immunization of water industry employees.

UV radiation is present in sunlight and can be emitted from numerous artificial sources. Outdoor workers are exposed to sunlight in a wide variety of occupations like sailors, fishers, construction workers, farmers, and other. Presented are the skin diseases caused by sunlight exposure. Theymay be of little medical importance such as stigmata or create problems like photoaging, skin carcinoma, melanoma, phototoxic and photoallergic reactions. Shown are briefly data on skin cancer in the Rijeka region in outdoor occupations, the legislation and necessity for prevention. Psoriatic patients need particular caution because they are exposed to UVR, tars, and immunosuppressive drugs during the treatment.