Suchergebnisse

Every municipal corporation must increase revenue and capital receipts and reduce its expenditure. But in
Bhiwandi-Nizampur Municipal Corporation, the revenue receipts are decreasing due to local body tax, grants, rent from
other fixed assets. Revenue expenditure is increasing because of salary and allowances to staff, administrative expenses,
communication expenses, fees, advertising, repair of roads, computer equipment's, furniture, and transfer from schemes.
Capital receipts have decreased due to grants contribution from state and central government, loans, and other liabilities.
The capital expenditure is increasing due to contribution of municipal buildings, electrification and street lighting, vehicles.
Municipal corporation must find alternative sources of revenue. It must increase the entertainment tax, user fees of various
services and rent of municipal buildings and properties. It must reduce expenditure on vehicle allowances and
maintenance. The municipal corporation must increase capital expenditure on information technology, roads, street light,
water supply, and sanitation. Public-private partnership is important to raise capital to finance various socioeconomic
infrastructure projects. State government must invest in various projects to improve standard of living of people in
corporation.

City governments in the U.S. enter into agreements with private developers to provide infrastructure such as roads, drainage systems, and utilities. From a normative perspective, public managers should calculate the costs to city government to execute these public/private deals before they agree to participate. Four cost categories deserve attention: (1) initial expenses required for project approval by city officials (approval spending); (2) spending for changes during project construction (momentum spending); (3) public spending to entice private investment (incentive spending); and (4) city government spending to maintain and operate the new infrastructure (operations spending). This paper calculates spending categories in a case study of Alliance Airport, a major public/private development in Fort Worth, Texas, requiring $63 million of direct and indirect public expenditures. Officials estimated less than 25 percent of total spending before project approval. Two-thirds of the public costs are foregone revenues associated with incentive spending by city government. The findings suggest city administrators and legislators should focus more closely on a precise calculation of these four types of costs before agreeing to public/private economic development deals.

This annual summary of water and sewer rates for municipalities in South Carolina is broken down by municipality, monthly water service charge and monthly sewer service charge.

This annual summary of water and sewer rates for municipalities in South Carolina is broken down by municipality, monthly water service charge and monthly sewer service charge.

This paper sets the stage for discussions on the health and competitiveness of Canadian cities within a global context. Specifically, the purpose of the research is to compare legislative and fiscal powers of the U.S. and Canadian municipal governments as well as financing mechanisms for municipal infrastructure in Canada, the U.S., and Europe.

This book was published by the Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) at Loughborough University: http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/ ; The sustainability of the livelihoods of the poor in low- and middle-income countries is compromised by corruption in the delivery of infrastructure services. Such services include water supply, sanitation, drainage, the provision of access roads and paving, transport, solid waste management, street lighting and community buildings. For this reason, The Water, Engineering Development Centre, (WEDC) at Loughborough University in the UK is conducting research into anti-corruption initiatives in this area of infrastructure services delivery. This series of reports has been produced as part of a project entitled Accountability Arrangements to Combat Corruption, which was initially funded by the Department for International Development (DFID) of the British Government. The purpose of the work is to improve governance through the use of accountability arrangements to combat corruption in the delivery of infrastructure services. These findings, reviews, country case studies, case surveys and practical tools provide evidence of how anti-corruption initiatives in infrastructure delivery can contribute to the improvement of the lives of the urban poor. The main objective of the research is the analysis of corruption in infrastructure delivery. This includes a review of accountability initiatives in infrastructure delivery and the nature of the impact of greater accountability.

The quality of life and economic development of our country is underpinned by a vast infrastructure managed by local (municipal) governments and also provincial and national governments. There is strong evidence that insufficient attention has been paid by the great majority of municipalities to the operation and especially the maintenance of the infrastructure they own. In particular, there is too-frequent gross under-provision of budgets for infrastructure management. But if maintenance is inadequate, infrastructure will fail to deliver the service it is intended to deliver, and social and economic growth will be impeded - something that just cannot be afforded Municipalities must plan and provide for the long term management of all their infrastructure assets. There is a need for a structured approach to and methodology of infrastructure management ('management' in this sense includes operations and repair, routine maintenance, refurbishment and replacement). The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) has reviewed published research into the state of South Africa's municipal infrastructure, has undertaken its own extensive research, and has investigated current management practice. The CSIR has also investigated concepts of sustainable management of that infrastructure, and what is needed in order for that infrastructure to be sustainably managed. This article describes selected findings, sketches implications, and makes recommendations.

From 1870 to the present, the city of New York has built and maintained municipal bathing places including river baths, indoor bathhouses, indoor pools, and outdoor pools, designed around competing motivations of hygiene, recreation, and play. In this paper, I consider what it means for different groups to play in public space using Caillois's (1961) division of ludus—competitive, rule-bound play, and paidia—exuberant, unstructured play. First, using historical examples, I show how these notions of play were expressed in two shifts in the construction of municipal swimming and bathing infrastructure in New York City. In 1870, the enclosure of formerly unstructured bathing spaces at the riverbanks, and the establishment of floating baths in the rivers was meant to structure both time and behavior in the water; in 1936, the construction of 11 enormous swimming pools under Parks Commissioner Robert Moses provided bathing spaces, with recreation at the center of their design program and social function. Second, I offer contemporary ethnographic data from two outdoor pools in Brooklyn to demonstrate how rules around acceptable play are differentially enforced inside of the same institution. Through these historical shifts and contemporary variations, I demonstrate how both the construction and everyday use of municipal bathing infrastructure has been the site of an ongoing tension between ludus and paidia, inflected with urban problematics of class and race.