Suchergebnisse

This paper critically examines oral hearings conducted by the Irish state Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on proposed industrial developments in Clare and Limerick. Data comes from participant observation at two hearings, and documentary analysis of submissions. The hypothesis that the oral hearing can be formulated as an example of 'reflexive modernization' (as in Beck) is tested against the standard of ideal speech preferred by Habermas. The evidence suggests that the institution of the EPA Public Hearing is best understood as an instance of systematically distorted communication.

The structural retardation hypothesis locates the source of stagnation in French agriculture primarily within agriculture — inthe economic, political, and sociological consequences of a peasant system of agricultural production. It is argued in this paper that the poor performance of French agriculture from the 1870s to the 1940s is to be found in the limited opportunities for agricultural growth provided by the French economy. Evidence suggests that the slow growth in demand for agricultural output, the slow growth in demand for labor by the non-agricultural sector, and the limited investment in the institutional infrastructure to support agricultural development were the primary sources of stagnation.

On the basis of three case studies, the authors attempt to identify changes in relationships between politicians and senior civil servants. Reforms inspired by 'New Public Management' (NPM) have been implemented with the aim of creating a clearer separation between strategic activities entrusted to politicians, and the operational or managerial tasks generally under the remit of senior civil servants. By analysing the reforms implemented in three Swiss cantons, the article tests the hypothesis of strategic contingency of political-administrative relations, in particular in view of the different modernization routes selected in each of the three cantons. Obtained using both quantitative and qualitative survey techniques, the empirical results allow us to cast strong doubt on the emergence of greater distance between politicians and the civil service. While our results indicate elements of strategic contingency, no empirical factor allows us to identify greater separation between political and administrative spheres as a result of the reforms. In contrast, politicians and senior civil servants still freely admit their very high level of interdependence in designing, deciding and implementing public policies. Other explanations must therefore be put forward to explain this lack of distinction in the results, in particular institutional aspects. Points for practitioners This article shows that senior civil servants must be regarded as key players in the definition and implementation of public policies. Admittedly, administrative reform strategies influence relations between political and administrative spheres and contribute towards the development of new dynamics. However, the results of the research presented in this article clearly show that, from a public management point of view, it is hardly reasonable to attempt at all costs to separate these two spheres which are in fact complementary.

In Centuries of Childhood Philippe Ariès studied the evolution of parental investment among the materially and socially privileged families of France from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century. His general hypothesis, interpreted in the vocabulary of modern research, was that both the financial and emotional costs of elite childrearing were rising during this period Once greater emotional involvement led to high investments in infant survival, infant mortality declined survivorship rose, and privileged families were forced to adopt fertility control in order to avoid the production of too many very costly children. In this article Aries' verbal "model" is tested using quantitative data from both French and other European elite groups.

In Centuries of Childhood Philippe Ariès studied the evolution of par ental investment among the materially and socially privileged families of France from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century. His general hypothesis, interpreted in the vocabulary of modern research, was that both the financial and emotional costs of elite childrear ing were rising during this period Once greater emotional involvement led to high investments in infant survival, infant mortality declined, survivorship rose, and privi leged families were forced to adopt fertility control in order to avoid the production of too many very costly children. In this article Ariès' verbal "model" is tested using quantitative data from both French and other European elite groups.

The gender gap in political knowledge is a classical problem of Western democracies. In the 21st century, political knowledge is still unequally distributed between men and women, as many cross-section studies have shown. This is an indicator of women&rsquo ; s disempowerment and the distance which remains to be covered to achieve an inclusive and sustainable society. Could public policies and gender equality laws change the situation? Using a longitudinal database in which 600,000 survey responses are analysed from 1996 to 2017, this case study of Spain aims to shed some light on this question. It combines sociological and political approaches in line with the development theory of the gender gap of Inglehart and Norris (2000, 2003), whose core argument is that modernization changes cultural attitudes toward gender equality. From this perspective, this paper proposes the following hypothesis: the modernization process of Spain (from a dictatorship to a democracy) has given rise to changes in traditional sex roles, driving women`s access to political knowledge and diminishing the gender gap. This is a step towards achieving objective number 5 of the 2030 United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development (gender equality and empowerment of women and girls), according to which gender equality is not only a fundamental human right but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world.

The article addresses the trajectory and adaptative process of Chilean peasant agriculture from the mid-1970s to 2020. Our hypothesis is that peasant agricultural production has been forced into a process of permanent reconversion, which takes place every time a new agrarian policy is defined. Based on a review of secondary data, interviews, documents and other studies on agrarian transformation, we undertake a sociohistorical analysis of the adaptative process of peasant agriculture to these changes in the irrigated valleys of Chile's central area. We also address the role played by the state in these developments. Our analysis highlights the difficulties of adapting to the neoliberal modernization process, as well as the most recent problems involving drought and the dispute over water in the central valley.

The literature on the determinants of democratization has long been dominated by a view that claimed a central role for economic development ('modernization'). Acemoglu et al. (2008, 2009) have recently challenged the robustness of empirical support for the modernization hypothesis. As an alternative, they claim that democratization is likely to occur in moments of economic crisis. Bruckner and Ciccone (2011) appear to offer strong support for this latter view, and claim that lagged adverse GDP shocks generated by poor rainfall generate 'windows of opportunity' for democratization in contemporary Sub-Saharan Africa. The current article presents evidence that Bruckner and Ciccone's provocative finding does not survive several sensible robustness checks, calling into question whether their claim in fact offers new insights into the process of democratization. Adapted from the source document.

This paper compares the occupational socialization experiences of samples of youth in New Orleans (USA) and Cali (Colombia). The principal objective is to determine how changes in family structure associated with societal modernization influence the transmission of knowledge about the labor force to young people seeking jobs for the first time. It is hypothesized that youth in transitional/traditional societies are socialized for the labor force primarily by their parents, while youth in transitional/modern societies receive this information primarily through school experiences and from nonrelated community members. A related hypothesis states that transitional/modern youth are more likely than transitional/traditional youth to select occupational role models and resource persons from among relationally distant individuals, although the latter are relatively unlikely to select family members, especially parents. Results show that while neither sample reports much interaction with parents regarding their jobs, the predicted difference in the social distance of occupational role models is observed. Two conclusions are reached First, the generational lag between parents and children in less developed economies reduces parental influence on their children's occupational socialization. Second, the purposive intervention of parents in their children's career plans probably emerges only in the later stages of socioeconomic development. The paper concludes with discussion of a model proposed to describe the pattern of work socialization influences at differing levels of societal development.

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the necessity and to develop recommendations for modernizing the approach for usage of region's budget resources in the conditions of the information economy creation. The methodological provision of verification of the offered hypothesis includes the specially developed method for evaluating the effectiveness of usage of region's budget resources from the position of the information economy creation. For calculations, the article uses the information and analytical materials of the Russian specialized institutions that study the processes of development of the information economy: "Research Financial Institute", Ministry of Communications and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation, and expert and ranking organizations – the State Management and CNews. It is proved that the traditional approach to usage of region's budget resources, which is applied in modern Russia, contradicts the general national course for development of the information economy, as it does not stimulate the formation of information society and development of information and technological spheres of the regional economy and does not allow for development of interaction and cooperation of all interests parties within the budget process, which confirms the offered hypothesis. To solve the determined problem, the authors develop the modern approach to the usage of region's budget resources in the conditions of the information economy creation and offer practical recommendations for modernizing the existing approach in modern Russia. ; peer-reviewed

The literature on the determinants of democratization has long been dominated by a view that claimed a central role for economic development ('modernization'). Acemogluet al. (2008, 2009) have recently challenged the robustness of empirical support for the modernization hypothesis. As an alternative, they claim that democratization is likely to occur in moments of economic crisis. Brückner and Ciccone (2011) appear to offer strong support for this latter view, and claim that lagged adverse GDP shocks generated by poor rainfall generate 'windows of opportunity' for democratization in contemporary Sub-Saharan Africa. The current article presents evidence that Brückner and Ciccone's provocative finding does not survive several sensible robustness checks, calling into question whether their claim in fact offers new insights into the process of democratization.

Galardonada la universidad de Los Andes y premiada la democracia venezolana. University of Los Andes awarded and Venezuelan democracy honored. Anzola, Myriam Larga vida a EDUCERE.Long life to EDUCERE. Anzola, Myriam EDUCERE: diez años, una experiencia crítica, una celebración y un culto al saber publicado.EDUCERE: ten years, a critical experience, a celebration and an ode to published knowledge. Rivas, Pedro José EDUCERE: la palabra como experiencia.EDUCERE: the word like experience. Zambrano Leal, Armando El aspecto socio-cultural del lenguaje oral y escrito: visión Vygotskyana.The socio-cultural aspect of thought and language: the Vygotskyan vision. Mota de C., Carmen R. y Villalobos, José La evaluación: del pasado al presente.Evaluation: from the past to the present. Figueroa Marcano, Miguel Ángel Modelos cualitativos de evaluación.Cualitative patterns for evaluation. Fonseca, José Gregorio Educación ¿un mundo al revés?Education: an upside-down world? Pulido, Asdrúbal Nosotros mismos entre los otros.Ourselves among the others. Portillo Parody, Jairo Consideraciones discursivas sobre el género en el discurso académico e institucional: ¿dónde está ella?Discursive considerations on genre in the academical and institutional discourse: where is she? Morales, Oscar Alberto y González Peña, Carolina Escuela y corporeidad femenina: la cuestión del género en el desarrollo motriz de la mujer.School and feminine corporeity: the question of gender in the motor development of women. Pateti Moreno, Yesenia La imagen de la madre: su valoración en educación inicial.The image of a mother: her value in primary education. Alfonzo, Norys La enseñanza de las ciencias en la universidad de Los Andes: caso de los proyectos didácticos.Teaching science at the university of Los Andes: didactical projects case. Escalona, José y Fontal, Bernardo Los conceptos de calor, trabajo, energía y teorema de Carnot en textos universitarios de termodinámica.The concepts of heat, work, energy and Carnot's theorem in thermodynamics university texts. Alomá, Eduardo y Malaver, Manuel La universidad venezolana y el desarrollo regional.Venezuelan universities and regional development. Fuenmayor Toro, Luis Entre la utopía y la realidad de la vida universitaria.Between the utopia and reality of university life. Jiménez Jiménez, José y De Hoyos Martínez, Jesús E. Primeras conferencias de contabilidad de costos: una alternativa de enseñanza y actualización.First conferences of cost accounting: an alternative of teaching and modernization. Morillo Moreno, Marysela C. Educación, ciencia, tecnología e innovación: formación para un nuevo ordenamiento social.Education, science, technology and innovation: Education for a new social order. Bustamante, Suleima; Pérez, Isabel y Maldonado, Marisabel La investigación en educación matemática: una hipótesis de trabajo.Research in mathematics teaching: a work hypothesis. Castro de Bustamante, Jeannett Estrategia de transformación académico-administrativa para una educación en valores en la facultad de ciencias económicas y sociales de la universidad del Zulia.Academical-administrative transformation strategy for and education in values from the faculty of social and economics Sciences at the University of Zulia. Ávila Urdaneta, Maritza; Ríos de Morales, Mercedes y Cuenca, Emilia Programa nacional de formación de educadores. Misión Sucre.National program of teachers education. Sucre's mission. Ministerio de Educación Superior Cavilaciones desde la ventana: coloquio con Don Simón Rodríguez.Ponderings from the window: conversations with Don Simón Rodríguez. Anzola, Myriam Álvarez, María del Carmen: Pequeños lectores, escritores y poetas. Juegos de lenguaje para niños y niñas de 2 a 6 años (y de pronto más.).Little readers, writers and poets. Language games for children from 2 to 6 years old (and soon for older children). Reseñado por: Solé, Maira ; 519-531 ; jeannettcastro@hotmail.com ; trimestral ; Nivel analítico

In the course of reform, organizational identity emerges as a prominent issue. While the process of modernizing the administration sets out to redefine this identity, how is this experienced by its members? What are the identity dynamics at work in terms of their perception of changes in their environment? By analysing the Copernic reform in Belgium, we inductively developed a typology of identity rationales and profiles (Rondeaux, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010). On this basis, we conducted a questionnaire survey in a regional administration engaged in reform. Our analysis highlights the coexistence of different identity rationales and diverse perceptions of the environment, which are congruent or dissonant with them. The results underline the importance of the environment and of its perception in organizational identification processes and confirms the hypothesis of identity hybridization, providing also an empirical basis for the integrative approach of Ravasi and Schultz (2006). Points for practitioners This article proposes an identity interpretive framework for reform processes, considering both the institutionalized organizational identity, at the heart of the modernization project and various alternative rationales contributed by the civil servants. Our analysis highlights the diverse perceptions of the environment in the light of the identities present and underlines the practical implications of such an approach in terms of change management.

The specific problems of the development of the educational potential of Russians related to the sharp aggravation of the military confrontation in the world, the intensification of hostilities in the Ukraine, the implementation of partial mobilization, as well as the mobilization of educational training of part of the economically active population of Russia are clarified. Theoretical developments devoted to the study of educational potential are analyzed, and these concepts are conditionally ranked into interdisciplinary, general sociological and military-sociological ones. The integration of different views made it possible to substantiate the need to clarify the trend in the development of the educational potential of the population as a set of knowledge, skills, abilities, culture and practical experience of individuals in the areas of both general and partially military-professional action. The hypothesis is put forward according to which the modernization of the educational potential of the population under the conditions of partial military mobilization in Russia involves: updating its content (introduction of additional military educational components); saturation of scientific and spiritual quality (accumulation of the innovative component of the abilities of its carriers); allocation of adaptive potential as an independent component of self-development (accumulation of the adaptive component of the abilities of carriers of educational potential). The ways of modernization of the educational potential of Russians are presented. The first one is the transition to a comprehensive and continuous formation of educational potential. At all levels of general, professional, and additional education, there should be a dual target orientation: general and special civil; general military. The second one is the formation of a proactive (proactive) type of formation of educational potential. In the education system it is important: to transform the nature of scientific and investment flows; to activate the channels of socio-cultural mobility; to reverse the saturation of civilian and military human capital of trainees and trainees. The third one is the allocation of adaptive potential as a separate component of educational potential. It is proved that under the new conditions, the realization of educational potential depends on the ability of individuals to quickly assess changes in the external social environment, adapt, form new models of influence in the process of work, service, military influence on the enemy. Adaptive educational potential is proposed to be considered as a characteristic of an individual's educational abilities to adapt their own activities in both peacetime and wartime.