Suchergebnisse

China's "Everyone a Soldier" movement of Autumn 1958 represents on paper perhaps the most ambitious military enterprise in the history of mankind. Two hundred and twenty million men and women of a predominantly agricultural population were to be transformed into an "ocean of soldiers," equipped and prepared to defend their homeland against the invader.

This paper examines the destabilizing upsurge in ethnic militia movements in Nigeria and its consequences for the security and well-being of the Nigerian state. It discusses the phenomenon of ethnic militia violence as exemplified by the O'odua Peoples' Congress (OPC) and highlights the crisis in multi-ethnic relations that is currently destabilizing the Nigerian political economy. Adapted from the source document.

"Alessandro Orsini is one of Italy's premier analysts of political extremism. His investigation of the beliefs and mind-sets of Europe's political fringe has largely focused on anarchist and far-left groups, but in Sacrifice he turns his inquiry to the rapidly expanding neofascist movement. He joined local groups of a neofascist organization he names Sacrifice in two neighboring cities with very different political cultures. In this gripping, "insider" book, which features dialogues with various militia members, Orsini shows how fascists live day to day, how they understand their world, and how they build a parallel universe in which the correctness and probity of their attitudes are clear. Orsini describes the long, troubled process by which these two groups slowly accepted him as an investigatoractivist and later expelled him for his ideologically uncommitted stance and refusal to subject his observations to censorship. His activities as a fascist were often mundane: leafleting, distributing food parcels to the indigent, and attending public rallies. In Sacrifice, Orsini describes from within the masculine ethos of the militias, the groups' relations with local police and politicians, and the central role of violence and anticommunist actions in building a sense of fascist community."--Publisher's description

From Afghanistan and Sierra Leone to East Timor, the aftermath of any armed conflict presents a complex set of challenges. Whatever political agreements may have been reached, conflicts are often at risk of reigniting, and the fates of their former participants remain uncertain. Armed groups may not be easily dissuaded from pursuing belligerent activities which they see as both profitable and understandable behaviour. In the face of these difficulties, the process of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) attempts to convince combatants to relinquish their weapons and return to civilian life. It is a crucial first step towards lasting peace. Demobilizing Militias is the first comprehensive introduction to DDR in the contemporary world. Examining regions as varied as Africa, Asia and Central America, it guides readers through the different stages of the DDR process as well as assessing competing perspectives surrounding its implementation. Attentive to the problems faced by practitioners, Eric Shibuya argues against a 'one size fits all' approach, emphasizing the importance of social and psychological contexts in fostering the trust that is necessary for DDR to succeed. Accessible and incisive, it will be an ideal resource for students of politics, security and conflict studies, as well as anyone interested in the dynamics of peacebuilding today.

For Bill Fulton, being a soldier was his identity. He was called to protect and serve. So when the Army wanted to send him to Alaska, he went—they had never steered him wrong, after all. After an involuntary medical discharge, Fulton was adrift until he started a military surplus store in Anchorage, where he also took on fugitive recovery missions. He was back on his feet, working with other badasses and misfits he considered brothers. He took pride in his business, with a wife and daughters at home. His life was happy and full. But when a customer revealed he planned to attack a military recruiting station, Fulton had to make a choice: turn a blind eye and hope for the best or risk his safety, his reputation, and his business by establishing contact with his customers' arch nemesis: the FBI. He chose the latter, and his life changed forever. Fulton would soon find himself tumbling down a rabbit hole, learning of a militia movement afoot called "sovereign citizens" who believe themselves to be above the law. The FBI classifies this domestic terrorist group as the number-one threat to law enforcement in the country. Set against the vast, rugged, and sometimes lawless backdrop of Alaska, The Blood of Patriots is the story of an ideology gone bloody in the distorted belief that murder is patriotic. It is the true story of how Fulton wrestled his demons and became an undercover confidential informant for the FBI, helping to bring down a militia whose charismatic leader was plotting to kill federal judges and their families and law enforcement officers. Fulton and The Mudflats' Jeanne Devon will take you on a journey through the dark and weirdly humorous life on the Last Frontier, while exploring questions of patriotism, the meaning of the Second Amendment, and the legitimate exercise of governmental power. The Blood of Patriots reveals the seamy

"Serial no. J-104-18." ; Shipping list no.: 97-0157-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Challenges the claim that US Patriot & militia movements are linked with the racist Right to argue that the conspiracy theories of post-1990 militia groups are rooted in notions of Christian Manichaeism, fundamentalism, & "end times." Although racists & anti-Semites play a leading role within the Patriot movement, racism in militia groups is obscured, contested, & sometimes genuinely opposed. The militia movement's success in reaching out to new segments of the alienated middle class is discussed, viewing the Internet as an ideal medium for promoting conspiracy theories. It is contended that militia "conspiracism" is an ideological phenomenon that requires a deeper understanding of how subconscious aspects of identity formulation are merged with interest-based politics. The language of conspiracy & the Christian Right describes America as a Christian nation whose citizens must defend it against global forces of immorality & the New World Order. Events such as that of Waco, TX, are used to further disseminate the "patriot" worldview, which upholds the restoration of "traditional values" as the route to a new nationalist state. 68 References. J. Lindroth

Challenges the claim that US Patriot & militia movements are linked with the racist Right to argue that the conspiracy theories of post-1990 militia groups are rooted in notions of Christian Manichaeism, fundamentalism, & "end times." Although racists & anti-Semites play a leading role within the Patriot movement, racism in militia groups is obscured, contested, & sometimes genuinely opposed. The militia movement's success in reaching out to new segments of the alienated middle class is discussed, viewing the Internet as an ideal medium for promoting conspiracy theories. It is contended that militia "conspiracism" is an ideological phenomenon that requires a deeper understanding of how subconscious aspects of identity formulation are merged with interest-based politics. The language of conspiracy & the Christian Right describes America as a Christian nation whose citizens must defend it against global forces of immorality & the New World Order. Events such as that of Waco, TX, are used to further disseminate the "patriot" worldview, which upholds the restoration of "traditional values" as the route to a new nationalist state. 68 References. J. Lindroth

Amidst ongoing wars and insecurities, female fighters, politicians and activists of the Kurdish Freedom Movement are building a new political system that centres gender equality. Since the Rojava Revolution, the international focus has been especially on female fighters, a gaze that has often been essentialising and objectifying, brushing over a much more complex history of violence and resistance. Going beyond Orientalist tropes of the female freedom fighter, and the movement's own narrative of the 'free woman', Isabel Käser looks at personal trajectories and everyday processes of becoming a militant in this movement. Based on in-depth ethnographic research in Turkey and Iraqi Kurdistan, with women politicians, martyr mothers and female fighters, she looks at how norms around gender and sexuality have been rewritten and how new meanings and practices have been assigned to women in the quest for Kurdish self-determination. Her book complicates prevailing notions of gender and war and creates a more nuanced understanding of the everyday embodied epistemologies of violence, conflict and resistance.

This article discusses the features of the volunteer movement to join the Nizhny Novgorod reserve militia of 1812-1813, assembled in connection with the events of the Patriotic War of 1812. Based on the documents of the Central Archive of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, the total number of volunteers was revealed and conclusions were drawn about the trends in the development of the volunteer movement in this era.

"This wide-ranging anthology uncovers the hidden histories of community armed self-defense, exploring how it has been used by marginalized and oppressed communities as well as anarchists and radicals within significant social movements of the 20th and 21st centuries. Far from a call to arms, or a "how-to" manual for warfare, this volume offers histories, reflections, and questions about the role of firearms in small collective defense efforts and its place in larger efforts toward the creation of autonomy and liberation. Featuring diverse perspectives from movements across the globe, Setting Sights includes vivid histories and personal reflections from both researchers and those who participated in community armed self-defense. Contributors include Dennis Banks, Kathleen Cleaver, Mable Williams, Subcomandante Marcos, Kristian Williams, George Ciccariello-Maher, Ashanti Alston, and many more."--Amazon.com

The Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB), an ethnicmilitia, emerged in the Igbo-speaking region of Nigeria in 1999, shortly after military rule ended and Olusegun Obasanjo took office as elected President. MASSOB's stated goal is the struggle for Igbo self-determination and the re-emergence of a new sovereign state in the eastern part of the country to be known as the 'United States of Biafra', thereby raising the spectre of a possible break up of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. This Discussion Paper examines the circumstances of MASSOB's emergence in a period of political transition and considerable uncertainty as the Nigerian armed forces began to prepare to relinquish their grip on power, and the specific ways the promoters of this ethnicmilitia movement have shaped Nigeria's still unfolding democratization process since 1999.