Suchergebnisse

The Ethiopian government has set ambitious landscape restoration targets to achieve by 2030. Here, we describe a novel approach to identify landscapes to prioritize for tree-planting-based restoration interventions in the country. Our approach, which has several advantages compared to existing prioritization methods, starts with current land use patterns and potential natural vegetation maps, and uses a wide range of other open-access spatial datasets. The approach estimates the benefits of restoration on prioritized areas compared to a null model where no prioritization is applied. Across identified prioritized landscapes, we then quantify the expected impacts of restoration in terms of the number of households that would be reached by interventions, and by estimating carbon sequestration and soil conservation potentials. Our analysis indicated that Ethiopia has high potential for achieving enhanced restoration targets through landscape prioritization. A total of almost 17 million hectares of land prioritized for tree-based restoration by our exercise could reach 4 million rural households with interventions, with 178 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent sequestered and 160 million tonnes of soil conserved annually. The prioritized landscapes could be restored with a combination of agroforestry, forest enrichment and woodland enrichment practices (on 31%, 8% and 61% of the total prioritized area, respectively). The Oromia region of Ethiopia was identified as a crucial location for intervention, containing almost half of the entire prioritized areas for restoration in the country. Our results provide the foundation for further studies to evaluate the potential impacts of tree-based restoration programmes in Ethiopia, and more widely, as the methods are of general application. Within Ethiopia, investigations in particular support the ex ante impact evaluation of the Provision of Adequate Tree Seed Portfolios project, which is developing national capacity to supply tree seed for restoration purposes. We discuss our findings in this context.

Prologue : Imagining the Future of Conservation in South Asia / Rahul Mehrotra -- Conservation of Cultural Landscapes in Bhutan / Françoise Pommaret -- Blurring Boundaries and Moving Beyond the Tangible/Intangible and the Natural/Cultural Classifications of Heritage : Cases from Nepal / Neel Kamal Chapagain -- Cultures of the Landscape : A Paradigm of Enriching Diversity Un-recognized in the World Vision of Heritage in Pakistan / Anila Naeem -- The South Asian Shahar : Reimagining Shahariyat as Urban heritage / Jyoti Pandey Sharma -- The Historic Urban Landscape of Old Dhaka, Bangladesh / Farhana Ferdous -- "All the world coming and going" : the past and future of the Grand Trunk Road in Punjab, India / Manish Chalana -- The Modernist Historic Urban Landscape of Islamabad, Pakistan / Farhan Karim -- The Landscape Theatre of Sigiriya, Sri Lanka : Interaction of the Regal, Natural and Agricultural Landscapes / Nilan Cooray -- The symbolic authenticity of Kandy, Sri Lanka / Kapila D. Silva -- The Cultural Landscape of Pohela Boishakh Festival and the Making of a National Identity in Bangladesh / Nubras Samayeen and Sharif Shams Imon -- Tourism, Liquid Modernity and Bhutanese Traditional Festivals / Wantanee Suntikul -- Bhaktapur, Nepal : Heritage Values and Conservation Practices / Kapila D. Silva -- Getting the City Back to its People : Conservation and Management of Historic Ahmedabad, India / Debashish Nayak -- The Public Realm of Heritage Sites in India : Sustainable Approaches Towards Planning and Management / Amita Sinha -- Grounded Speculations on Cultural Landscape Conservation / Amita Sinha -- Epilogue : Prospects for Conserving South Asian Cultural Landscapes / Kapila D. Silva

Intro -- Preface -- References -- Contents -- Foreword -- Presentation -- Approach to the Notion of "Cultural Landscape" -- Overcoming Terminological Differences -- The Cultural Landscape, an Endangered Species -- The Singular Constructions as a Symbol of Cultural Identity -- Public Spaces and Itineraries: Places of the Confluence of Cultures -- Conservation Versus Emergencies -- Our Vision Always Pursues Beauty [18] -- References -- Landscape and Territorial Practices -- 1 Fragile Cultural Landscapes: A Regenerating Case Study in East Veneto -- Abstract -- 1 A Point of View on Cultural Landscapes -- 2 A Case Study: A Fragile Cultural Landscape in East Veneto -- 3 Feasible Innovative Regeneration Strategies for Fragile Cultural Landscapes -- 4 Digital Infrastructure and Strategies for Communicating Heritage -- 5 A Possible Way to Follow -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Rural Landscape in Sardinia. Historical Settlement in the West Coast of Sardinia: The "Ager Bosanus" -- Abstract -- 1 Rural Landscape in Sardinia -- 1.1 The "Ager Bosanus" in the West Coast of Sardinia: Historical and Geographical Overview -- 1.2 The Sparse Settlement. Historic Building Heritage -- 1.3 Architectural Survey and Representation: The Case of "Casa Prunas" -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Riverscapes and Watersheds: Cultural Heritage Layers Along the River Guadalbullón (Jaén, Spain) -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction. Concepts and Goals -- 1.1 The River Guadalbullón Valley: Historical and Geographical Context -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Analysis and Action Proposal -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Indian Villas in the Valencian Landscape (Spain): Casino del Americano -- Abstract -- 1 Bourgeois Villas and Casinos in the Valencian Landscape. Indian Architecture: Indian Villas -- 2 Case Study: Casino del Americano.

Intro -- Climate and Conservation -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- PART I: Setting the Context -- Chapter 1: Climate Change Science, Impacts, and Opportunities -- Climate Change and Biodiversity -- Past and Future Changes -- Consequences for Conservation -- Need for Scape-scale Management and Conservation -- Responding to the Threat of Climate Change -- Opportunities -- Overview of the Book -- Chapter 2: Landscape and Seascape Climate Change Planning and Action -- Selecting Focal Species, Processes, and Ecosystems -- Framing Climate-informed Conservation Goals -- Assessing Climate Change Impacts -- Identifying and Prioritizing Adaptation Actions -- Implementing Actions at a Scape Scale -- Monitoring and Revisiting Plans -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- PA RT 2: Equatorial and Tropical Landscapes -- Chapter 3:Albertine Rift, Africa -- Introduction to the Region -- Historical Overview of Conservation and Science Initiatives -- Current Conservation in the Region -- Regional Effects of Climate Change -- Approaches to Conservation under Climate Change -- Landscape Conservation Needs Assessment in Response to Climate Change -- Roadblocks and Opportunities -- Conclusion and Recommendations -- Chapter 4: The Brazilian Amazon -- Introduction to the Region -- Historical Overview of Conservation and Science Initiatives -- Current Conservation in the Region -- Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon -- Regional Effects of Climate Change -- Roadblocks and Opportunities -- Approaches to Conservation under Climate Change -- Conclusion and Recommendations -- Chapter 5 :Mesoamerican Biological Corridor -- Introduction to the Region -- Historical Overview of Conservation and Science Initiatives -- Paseo Pantera:Path of the Jaguar -- Formation of the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor (MBC) -- Regional Effects of Climate Change.

Biological diversity or biodiversity for short is defined by the United Nations Convention on Biodiversity as the variability among living organisms from all sources including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part of. In the Philippines, the country's biodiversity resources continue to be threatened due to the fragmentation of natural forests that are habitats of important flora and fauna species. The main government initiative to protect and conserve biodiversity has been the establishment of a system of protected areas through the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) as provided for under Republic Act 7586. However, the system currently excludes Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) and the surrounding production landscapes which are important for connectivity of key biodiversity corridors. There is thus the need for an integrated landscape planning and management approach that can provide the framework for coordinated actions of all stakeholders. This paper presents an approach for landscape-level land suitability assessment that could provide the basis for the spatial structuring and land use policy framework to support the objectives of biodiversity conservation and the provision of ecosystem services consistent with the needs and development aspirations of the stakeholders in the planning region.

I suggest that to decolonize conservation we must also decolonize our way of seeing land and nature-society relations inscribed in it as landscapes. I proceed in three parts. First, drawing on insights from post- and decolonial studies, critical geography, environmental history and political ecology, I highlight three problems that underpin a landscape way of seeing nature-society relations: depoliticization, simplification/decomplexification, and representation. Second,to illustrate the colonial legacy of the contemporary landscape approach to nature conservation, I revisit the global history of landscapism – the double movement of colonizing landscapes/landscapingcolonies. This double movement began with the internal colonization of European landscapes (autonomous political communities), and continued through the landscaping of (settler-)colonies by Europeans outside of their homelands. Third, through the contemporary case of a landscape conservation initiative in Tanzania (the so-called "Tarangire-Manyara Ecosystem"), I illustrate the implications of the double movement in the colonial present of African conservation. I conclude with a few remarks on what decolonization of conservation would have to entail in scientific research and practice.

This study aims to solve the current problems that arose from the degradation of natural resources with the perspective of urban planning and design of the urban landscape found in Akaki Kality sub city and gives appropriate solution recommendations on conservation of the landscape through the knowledge of landscape planning and design and different findings. Among the methods I use to do my research, reading books written in relation to landscape conservation to find out what scientific progress has been done so far. In addition, I've a plan to visit local governmental institutions who could give me information on their previous works and future plans they have. Finally, questionnaires which will help to know what's in the peoples' mind about the topic also will be used. So far, as the sub city is where my university belongs, I've tried to move around occasionally in the last 5 years and took some photos though it aimed my artistic view it's also advantageous to see the positive things that the landscapes of the area has. For instance, at the bridge found in kebele 09 which is usually called 'meshualekia' there are trees planted by the Akaki river and they are trees which has leaves that never fall the whole year making it aesthetically pleasant.

Drawing on critical debates in political ecology and biopolitics, the article develops a "biopolitical ecology of conservation" to study historical shifts in how human and nonhuman lives come to be valued in an asymmetric way. Tanzania and the so-called Tarangire-Manyara Ecosystem illustrate how these biopolitical shifts became entangled with conservation interventions and broader visions of development throughout colonial and post-colonial history. Colonial efforts to balance seemingly competing domains of human and nonhuman species through spatial separation gave way to the development of the post-colonial nation through the nurturing of its wildlife population. This shift from human-nonhuman incompatibility towards human dependency on wildlife and biodiversity conservation culminated in the contemporary biopolitical ecology and geography of landscape conservation. Landscape conservation seeks to entangle human and nonhuman species. Through conservation, human populations are rearranged and fixed in time and space to allow wildlife to roam free across unbounded spaces. This conservation governmentality is tied to global environmentalist concerns and political economies of neoliberal conservation, as well as to a domestic agenda of tourism-based economic growth. It secures land tenure for some, while imposing a biopolitical sacrifice on the rural population as a whole. This forecloses alternative rural futures for a land-dependent and increasingly land-deprived population.

Drawing on critical debates in political ecology and biopolitics, the article develops a "biopolitical ecology of conservation" to study historical shifts in how human and nonhuman lives come to be valued in an asymmetric way. Tanzania and the so-called Tarangire-Manyara Ecosystem illustrate how these biopolitical shifts became entangled with conservation interventions and broader visions of development throughout colonial and post-colonial history. Colonial efforts to balance seemingly competing domains of human and nonhuman species through spatial separation gave way to the development of the post-colonial nation through the nurturing of its wildlife population. This shift from human-nonhuman incompatibility towards human dependency on wildlife and biodiversity conservation culminated in the contemporary biopolitical ecology and geography of landscape conservation. Landscape conservation seeks to entangle human and nonhuman species. Through conservation, human populations are rearranged and fixed in time and space to allow wildlife to roam free across unbounded spaces. This conservation governmentality is tied to global environmentalist concerns and political economies of neoliberal conservation, as well as to a domestic agenda of tourism-based economic growth. It secures land tenure for some, while imposing a biopolitical sacrifice on the rural population as a whole. This forecloses alternative rural futures for a land-dependent and increasingly land-deprived population.

Despite the high level of political engagement and the wide range of organizations involved in restoration projects from local to global levels, beyond some success stories, restoration is not happening at scale. To address this issue, three CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs) – Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); Policies, Institutions and Markets (PIM) and Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) – decided to bring together their expertise in a joint stocktaking of CGIAR work on restoration. This publication illustrates with concrete examples the powerful contribution of forest and landscape restoration to the achievement of most, if not all the 17 sustainable development goals. It can be used to support the design of future restoration activities, programs and projects. We hope that this document will help upscale restoration efforts and deliver enhanced impact from our CGIAR research. ; IFPRI5; CRP2; CRP6; CRP5 ; PIM ; Non-PR ; CGIAR Research Program on Forest, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA); CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE)