Suchergebnisse

В статье делается попытка выявить значение теории демократизации М.М. Ковалевского для современной России. Авторы выделяют ряд ключевых идей Ковалевского о закономерностях политического и социального развития общества. В их числе выводы о роли местного самоуправления, социальных движений, эволюционного развития гражданских прав и свобод в истории различных стран и России. В условиях трансформации современного российского общества эти идеи становятся особенно актуальными, т.к. могут стать направляющим вектором политической модернизации. ; M. Kovalevsky left a great investment in the development of the Russian political sociology and political sciences. He gave a lot of attention to political ideas, political institutions and processes. These issues interested him in a double aspect: firstly, as a historian and theorist of political thought in terms of the functional approach and secondly, as a sociologist thinking of social attitudes. This combination allowed him to carry out a deep analysis of problems of the political life in the community dynamics. This experience is extremely relevant for today's science which has forgotten its history and lost the fundamental basis of the analysis due to the enthusiasm of postmodern methodology. This article tries to identify the significance of the theory of democratization of M.M. Kovalevsky for modern Russia. The authors identify a number of key ideas of M.M. Kovalevsky on the laws of political and social development. Among these conclusions there are ideas about the role of local government, the inviolability of the person, freedom of speech, civil rights and liberties in the history of various countries and Russia. In the context of the transformation of the modern Russian society, these ideas have become especially important, as a possible vector of political modernization.

Westliche Orthodoxie in Ost-Frankreich

Orthodoxe Diasporakirchen sind schon seit langer Zeit in Ostfrankreich eingepflanzt. Ein neuer Zweig der Orthodoxie, der sich als typisch westlich und französisch ausgibt, von dem Russen Eugraph Kovalevsky, alias Monseigneur Jean de Saint-Denys (1905-1970) stark entwickelt, ist seit einigen Jahren in allen Gegenden des Ostens (Lothrigen, Elsass, Burgund, usw) vertreten.

Концепция либерально-демократической модернизации М.М. Ковалевского была разработана ученым как теоретическая основа преобразования России начала ХХ в. в цивилизованное демократическое государство. ; The conception of liberal-democratic modernization worked out by M.M. Kovalevsky became a theoretical basis for transforming Russia at the early XXth century into a civilized democratic state.

The purpose of this text is to make a brief account of the ethnological reception of Marx between 1879 and 1882, particularly the works of M. M. Kovalevsky and L. H. Morgan, contemporary anthropologist. The writings that Marx made on these works contain extracts, summaries, and annotations in which the interest that he had, during the last years of his life, in non-Western societies, in their historical development, and in their particular forms of organization, is manifested. In this text, an analytical review is made of both the ethnological writings of Marx and the analyzes that other authors have already made in this regard. His approach to ethnology and, in particular, to evolutionary theory, show the centrality that the concern about ancient societies and non-capitalist forms of existence had in his theoretical and political project, as well as the importance that he gave to empirical research for the analysis of these problems. As a result of this bibliographic investigation, it is concluded that in the writings of Kovalevsky and Morgan, Marx found important contributions to his criticism of the capitalist system, which were articulated around the renewal of his theoretical paradigm by a multilinear conception of history and the criticism of colonialism of his time. ; El presente texto tiene como objetivo hacer un breve recuento de la recepción etnológica de Marx entre 1879 y 1882, particularmente de las obras de M. M. Kovalevsky y de L. H. Morgan, antropólogos contemporáneos a él. Los escritos que Marx hizo sobre estas obras contienen extractos, resúmenes y anotaciones en los que se manifiesta el interés que tuvo, durante los últimos años de su vida, en las sociedades no occidentales, en su desarrollo histórico y en sus particulares formas de organización social. En este texto se hace una revisión tanto de los escritos etnológicos de Marx como de los análisis que otros autores han hecho respecto a este cruce teórico. A través de este recuento se manifiesta que el acercamiento del autor de El Capital a la etnología y a la teoría evolucionista da cuenta de la centralidad que llegó a tener en su proyecto teórico y político, la preocupación sobre las sociedades antiguas y las formas no capitalistas de existencia, así como la importancia que otorgó a las investigaciones empíricas para el análisis de dichas problemáticas. Resultado de esta indagación bibliográfica se concluye que en las obras de Kovalevsky y de Morgan, Marx encontró importantes aportaciones para su crítica al sistema capitalista, las cuales se articularon en torno a la renovación de su paradigma teórico desde una concepción multilineal de la historia y se sumaron a la profundización de su crítica al colonialismo de su época. ; O presente texto visa dar um breve relato da recepção etnológica de Marx entre 1879 e 1882, particularmente das obras de M. M. Kovalevsky e L. H. Morgan, antropólogos contemporâneos para ele. Os escritos de Marx sobre estes trabalhos contêm extratos, resumos e anotações nos quais seu interesse, durante os últimos anos de sua vida, pelas sociedades não ocidentais, seu desenvolvimento histórico e suas formas particulares de organização social é evidente. Este texto revisa tanto os escritos etnológicos de Marx quanto as análises que outros autores fizeram desta encruzilhada teórica. Através deste relato, mostra-se que a abordagem do autor de Capital à etnologia e à teoria evolutiva mostra a centralidade que a preocupação com as sociedades antigas e as formas não capitalistas de existência veio a ter em seu projeto teórico e político, bem como a importância que ele deu à pesquisa empírica para a análise destes problemas. Como resultado desta pesquisa bibliográfica, conclui-se que nas obras de Kovalevsky e Morgan, Marx encontrou importantes contribuições para sua crítica do sistema capitalista, que se articulavam em torno da renovação de seu paradigma teórico a partir de uma concepção multilinear da história e acrescentavam ao aprofundamento de sua crítica ao colonialismo de seu tempo.

This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Thermoelectric Materials: From Particle to Bulk. ; Aliovalent substitutions in Ca3Co4O9 often result in complex effects on the electrical properties and the solubility, and impact of the substituting cation also depends largely on the preparation and processing method. It is also well-known that the monoclinic symmetry of this material's composite crystal structure allows for a significant hole transfer from the rock salt-type Ca2CoO3 buffer layers to the hexagonal CoO2 ones, increasing the concentration of holes and breaking the electron–hole symmetry from the latter layers. This work explored the relevant effects of relatively low La-for-Ca substitutions, for samples prepared and processed through a conventional ceramic route, chosen for its simplicity. The obtained results show that the actual substitution level does not exceed 0.03 (x < 0.03) in Ca3−xLaxCo4O9 samples with x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07 and that further introduction of lanthanum results in simultaneous Ca3Co4O9 phase decomposition and secondary Ca3Co2O6 and (La,Ca)CoO3 phase formation. The microstructural effects promoted by this phase evolution have a moderate influence on the electronic transport. The electrical measurements and determined average oxidation state of cobalt at room temperature suggest that the present La substitutions might only have a minor effect on the concentration of charge carriers and/or their mobility. The electrical resistivity values of the Ca3−xLaxCo4O9 samples with x = 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05 were found to be ~1.3 times (or 24%) lower (considering mean values) than those measured for the pristine Ca3Co4O9 samples, while the changes in Seebeck coefficient values were only moderate. The highest power factor value calculated for Ca2.99La0.01Co4O9 (~0.28 mW/K2m at 800 °C) is among the best found in the literature for similar materials. The obtained results suggest that low rare-earth substitutions in the rock salt-type layers can be a promising pathway in designing and improving these p-type thermoelectric oxides, provided by the strong interplay between the mobility of charge carriers and their concentration, capable of breaking the electron–hole symmetry from the conductive layers. ; G. Constantinescu acknowledges the support of the TEOsINTE project (Grant agreement ID: 101003375), funded under the H2020-EU.4. Programmes (Funding Scheme: MSCA-IF-EF-ST—Standard EF). Partial support of the project REMOTE (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031875) is also acknowledged. This work was partially developed within the scope of the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020 and UIDP/50011/2020, financed by national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology/MCTES. J.C. Diez, A. Sotelo, M.A. Madre and M.A. Torres acknowledge the financial support of the Spanish MINECO-FEDER project MAT2017-82183-C3-1-R and the Aragón Government (Research Group T54-20R). The technical contributions of C. Estepa, and C. Gallego are highly appreciated and acknowledged. Sh. Rasekh acknowledges the support of the Research Employment Contract FCT–CEECIND/02608/2017. P. Amirkhizi acknowledges the financial support of the Portuguese FCT Doctoral Studentship 2020.08051.BD. D. V. Lopes acknowledges the financial support of the research fellowship BI/UI50/9051/2020 provided by the European Commission (project SIDERWIN-DLV-768788—Horizon 2020/SPIRE10). ; Peer reviewed

Aleksey Antoshin, professor of history at Ural Federal University, has published a new book, The Gold of Sennar. The work is based on the diary of Ivan Trofimovich Borodin, a Miass foreman gold miner, which is available at the State Archive of Sverdlovsk Region. Borodin participated in Ye. P. Kovalevsky's expedition to Eastern Sudan with the intent to discover gold deposits and to manage the mining process in 1847–1848. The expedition was organized by the Russian government at the request of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, who sought additional financial support to modernize the country. In his talk with YevgenyRukosuev, a leading research associate of the Institute of History and Archaeology (Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural branch), and Sergey Smirnov, associate professor of the Chair of Early Modern Period and Contemporary History of Ural Federal University, Aleksey Antoshin discusses a number of aspects of the expedition, as reflected in I. T. Borodin's diary. The new publication is of significant interest to the reader as the diary illustrates the book's view that he was a man of the people, and the events described are supplemented with the memoirs of E. P. Kovalevsky and other travelers that visited Egypt and Sudan between the 1830s–1850s (N. N. Muravyov-Karsky, A. A. Rafalovich, A. Norov, A. E. Brem). ; Алексей Антошин, доктор исторических наук, профессор Уральского федерального университета, представляет свою новую книгу «Золото Сеннара» (М., 2013). Она написана на основе хранящегося в Государственном архиве Свердловской области дневника штейгера Миасских золотых промыслов Ивана Трофимовича Бородина. Создатель дневника был участником экспедиции Е. П. Ковалевского в Восточный Судан для поисков золотых месторождений и организации работ по извлечению этого благородного металла в 1847–1848 гг. Экспедиция была организована правительством России по просьбе правителя Египта Мухаммада Али, который надеялся получить дополнительные финансы для проведения мероприятий по модернизации страны. В беседе с Евгением Рукосуевым, ведущим научным сотрудником Института истории и археологии Уральского отделения Российской академии наук, и Сергеем Смирновым, доцентом кафедры новой и новейшей истории исторического факультета Уральского федерального университета, Алексей Антошин касается различных сторон работы экспедиции, отраженных в дневнике И. Т. Бородина. Сама монография представляет большой интерес для читателей, т. к. дневник служит только основой работы, взглядом «человека из народа», все описанное в дневнике дополнено воспоминаниями Е. П. Ковалевского и других путешественников, посетивших Египет и Судан в 1830–1850-е гг. (Н. Н. Муравьев-Карский, А. А. Рафалович, А. Норов, А. Э. Брем).

Статья посвящена трактовке политических идей кальвинизма в работах знаменитого российского ученого М. М. Ковалевского (1851-1916). Основным источником послужил его фундаментальный труд «От прямого народоправства к представительному и от патриархальной монархии к парламентаризму» (1906). Автор статьи исследует оценки историка в отношении политических идей Ж. Кальвина и его последователей во Франции, Англии, Шотландии, а также позицию ученого по вопросу о значении Реформации в формировании либерально-демократических идей Нового времени. ; The article focuses on interpreting the political ideas of Calvinism in the works of the outstanding Russian scientist M. M. Kovalevsky (1851-1916). His fundamental treatise "From Direct Democracy to Representative One and from Patriarchal Monarchy to Parliamentarism" (1906) served as the basic source. The author examines the historian's evaluations regarding the political ideas of J. Calvin and his followers in France, England, Scotland and the scientist's viewpoint on the importance of Reformation in the formation of the liberal-democratic ideas of the modern history.

This article is an overview of P.A. Sorokin's participation in the processes of developing sociology as a science in Russia during his studies at the Department of Sociology at the Psychoneurological Institute, at the Faculty of Law at the St. Petersburg University, in preparation for thesis presentation during the First World War and in the early years of the Soviet regime. Particular attention is paid to his publications, participation in organizing the functioning of the first Russian sociological society named after M.M. Kovalevsky, Department of Sociology at the Petrograd University and in the empirical research conducted by the Sociological Institute.

El presente texto tiene como objetivo hacer un breve recuento de la recepción etnológica de Marx entre 1879 y 1882, particularmente de las obras de M. M. Kovalevsky y de L. H. Morgan, antropólogos contemporáneos a él. Los escritos que Marx hizo sobre estas obras contienen extractos, resúmenes y anotaciones en los que se manifiesta el interés que tuvo, durante los últimos años de su vida, en las sociedades no occidentales, en su desarrollo histórico y en sus particulares formas de organización social. En este texto se hace una revisión tanto de los escritos etnológicos de Marx como de los análisis que otros autores han hecho respecto a este cruce teórico. A través de este recuento se manifiesta que el acercamiento del autor de El Capital a la etnología y a la teoría evolucionista da cuenta de la centralidad que llegó a tener en su proyecto teórico y político, la preocupación sobre las sociedades antiguas y las formas no capitalistas de existencia, así como la importancia que otorgó a las investigaciones empíricas para el análisis de dichas problemáticas. Resultado de esta indagación bibliográfica se concluye que en las obras de Kovalevsky y de Morgan, Marx encontró importantes aportaciones para su crítica al sistema capitalista, las cuales se articularon en torno a la renovación de su paradigma teórico desde una concepción multilineal de la historia y se sumaron a la profundización de su crítica al colonialismo de su época.

В статье раскрыты миротворческие взгляды известного историка, социолога и правоведа М.М. Ковалевского в начале XX века. Проанализирована социологическая концепция солидарности, через призму которой ученый рассматривал проблематику войны и мира. Представлены оценки Ковалевским крупнейших военных конфликтов начала XX века. ; The article reveals the peace-making ideas of famous historian, sociologist and lawyer M.M. Kovalevsky at the beginning of 20th century and analyzes the sociological conception of solidarity which served as the basis for his views on war and peace. He considered social progress as broadening of solidarity sphere which was unavoidably promoted to the consciousness of political integration society. The scientist approximately compared the progress with concentric circles which embodied of uninterruptedly widing human solidarity. The final stage of social and political development should be the creation of national and federal unions, which in their turn would unify in international union. The union built on the principles of democracy and observance of international right standards was destined not only to keep and to ensure the common peace, but also to promote the development of international trade and industry. Kovalevsky played important role in building the peace-making movement in Russia by supporting it with his high scientific and moral authority. In particular, he headed the St. Petersburg's peace society, established in 1909. Besides, there were a lot of contradictions in his peaceful views. Being the patriot and supporter of the state, the scientist was very far from peace when Russian national interests were taken ino account. This contradiction was clearly revealed during Balkan's conflict (1912-1913) and the First World War.

Статья посвящена отражению политических идей кальвинистов XVI века в трудах известнейших российских правоведов второй половины XIX – начала XX века: Б.Н. Чичерина, П.И. Новгородцева, М.М. Ковалевского. Автор статьи анализирует ключевые вопросы кальвинизма в интерпретации российских ученых, выявляет методологические аспекты, сравнивает концепции исследователей. Благодаря высокому уровню рассматриваемых исследований, они сохраняют научную актуальность и могут быть полезны современному читателю в деле изучения кальвинизма. ; The article covers reflection of political ideas of Calvinists of the 16th century in the works of the most well-known Russian jurists of the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century: B.N. Chicherin, P.I. Novgorodtsev, M.M. Kovalevsky. The author of the article analyses key matters of Calvinism in the interpretation of the Russian scholars, reveals methodological aspects, compares the concepts of the researchers. Due to high level of the examined researches, they maintain scientific actuality and can be of use for a modern reader in the study of Calvinism.