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This collection builds on decades of interdisciplinary work by historians of African American women as well as scholars of feminist and critical race theory, bridging the gap between well-developed theories of race, gender, and power and the practice of historical research. It examines how racial and gender identity is constructed from individuals' lived experiences in specific historical contexts, such as westward expansion, civil rights movements, or economic depression as well as by national and transnational debates over marriage, citizenship and sexual mores. All of these essays considermultiple aspects of identity, including sexuality, class, religion, and nationality, among others, but the volume emphasizes gender and race as principal bases of identity and locations of power and oppression in American history. Contributors: Deborah Gray White, Michele Mitchell, Vivian May, Carol Moseley Braun, Rashauna Johnson, Hélène Quanquin, Kendra Taira Field, Michelle Kuhl, Meredith Clark-Wiltz. Carol Faulkner is Associate Professor and Chair of History at Syracuse University. Alison M. Parker is Professor and Chair of the History Department at SUNY College at Brockport

International experience shows that the successful economic and social development of a country depends on the proper organization of the public administration. It is difficult to overestimate the role of the state on the economy. The state regulates economic activity, protects businesses from the threat of monopoly, meets the needs of society for public goods, provides social protection and provides for national defense. At the same time, state intervention may in some cases significantly weaken market mechanisms and bring harm to the economy

Research report.

Shipping list no.: 88-743-P. ; Cover title. ; "1988 August 24." ; Subcategory: Computer network protocols. ; Category: Hardware and software standards. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Anticipated industrial growth in northern Norway, particularly of energy intensive industries such as hydrocarbons and mining, will inevitably result in increased electricity consumption. Northern Norway faces security of supply challenges, and substantial investments are needed in generation, transmission and distribution capacity in order to meet the growing electricity demand. This makes it advantageous to reinforce the existing cross-border electricity infrastructure and trade between Norway and Russia. Cross-border interconnections however are complex, and the controversial debate over Norway's position on nuclear power in the Kola Peninsula has created public and political opposition that could permanently hinder interconnection expansion plans. This article provides an outline of the existing electricity interconnection and trade between Norway and Russia and examines the potential for reinforcing those arrangements, as well as the concomitant social, political and legal challenges. It argues that in spite of nuclear power controversies, there is still room for expanding the existing interconnection and electricity trade in view of opportunities for the development of other renewable resources in Russia.

This article focuses on the interconnection of class and race with capitalism. First it presents a definition of capitalism and its attitude towards civil statuses and exploitation. Secondly, it analyzes the origins of racism in capitalism despite its emphasis on freedom and equality, and its indifference to the social identities of the people it exploits. Consequently, it examines racial oppression as a strategy for capitalist control of the laboring class. In the end it focuses on the very important distinction between oppression and exploitation. These distinct relations also have very different impact on the behavior of social agents and groups, their life opportunities and forms of social conflict. If we want to understand how racial hierarchies reproduce capitalist class relations, we have to understand the basic requirements of class relations and capitalist reproduction itself.

The Dynamics of Interconnections in Popular Culture(s) is an eclectic and free-ranging collection of articles grounded in a combination of the social sciences with the populist humanities. The collection is further unified by an approach that considers changes and linkages within and between cultural systems as evidenced through their respective popular cultures. The key underlying assumption is that our collective popular expressions create an arena of global cultural exchange, further preci

Intro -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Framing Africa and the Diaspora Intersectionalities and Interconnections -- Introduction -- What Is Intersectionality? -- Purpose -- Overview and Connections -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Films -- Chapter 2: Revisiting the "Africa Is Sine Qua Non" Controversy: Stokely Carmichael and Walter Rodney -- Introduction -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3: From African Natives to Native Americans: Charles Templeman Loram in North America -- Early Life and Work -- The 1920s -- Charles Loram and Native Americans -- Loram and the Navajo Indian Problem -- Conclusion: Loram's Legacy -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Performing Mariage Mondial Through Social Media -- Methods -- Why Marriage Continues to Matter: Historical Context of Mande Marriage -- A Nice Day for a White Wedding: Framing Marriage via Social Media -- Social Media as a Means of Sharing Weddings -- Increased Consumption of Imported Beauty Products and Emphasis on the Self -- Women's Increased Role in Wedding Planning: Tertiary Education and the Job Market -- Achieving Independence from Natal Families in the Form of Middle-Class Status -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5: The Black Panther, Bridging the Gaps That Separate Us? -- Introduction -- Diaspora -- Dispersion of Africans and Attempts at Unification -- Wakanda as Black Africa -- Did Black Panther Really Bridge the Gaps That Separate Us? -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6: Obligation of Eldercare in the Context of Pentecostal Charismatic Churches -- Introduction -- Cultural-Ecological Foundations of Relationality -- Relationality in the Ghanaian Context -- Methodology -- Participants -- Procedure -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Chapter 7: Behavioral Economics in North Kivu: Understanding the Complexity of Economic Rationality in Eastern Congo.

Internet interconnection is a central feature of the internet that has been subject to only little formal regulation. However, local public regulation is starting to emerge – be it through disclosure regulations, mandatory peering or licensing terms. Due to the networked nature of the internet, local rules may acquire a global scope. This survey data provides an initial overview about what kind of formal regulation networkers encounter in their professional practice and it provides insights into how this regulation affects internet connectivity.

This article examines the formation of the first internet exchange point (IXP) in Mexico amid the implementation of telecommunication reforms and asymmetric regulations in a market with low level of competition. An IXP is defined as a shared interconnection facility and a key internet governance arena where players with myriad goals and functions mesh in interlaced technical and political dynamics. The study shows how data centres, passive infrastructure and autonomous system numbers play a critical role that stand out in the context of lack of infrastructure in Mexico. The paper argues that the challenges for an IXP to become stable in such a context in the global South is a result of IXP imagined affordances and the way that infrastructure, the telecommunications incumbent, its competitors, the state regulator, and the IXP operator interact, keeping the initiative in a fragile equilibrium.