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Independent Agencies in the United States provides a full-length study of the structure and workings of federal independent regulatory agencies in the US, focusing on traditional multi-member agencies, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Federal Communications Commission, the National Labor Relations Commission, and the Federal Trade Commission. It recognizes that the changing kaleidoscope of modern life has led Congress to create innovative and idiosyncratic administrative structures including government corporations, government sponsored enterprises governance, public-private partnerships, systems for "contracting out," self-regulation and incorporation by reference of private standards. In the process, Breger and Edles analyze the general conflict between political accountability and agency independence. They provide a unique comparative review of the internal operations of US agencies and offer contrasts between US, EU, and certain UK independent agencies. Included is a first-of-its-kind appendix describing the powers and procedures of the more than 35 independent US federal agencies, with each supplemented by a selective bibliography. ; https://scholarship.law.edu/fac_books/1000/thumbnail.jpg

THE WORD INDEPENDENT IN THE UNITED STATES (US) CONTEXT IS MOST PROPERLY USED IN CONNECTION WITH THE INDEPENDENT REGULATORY COMMISSIONS. THOSE COMMISSION ARE NOT INDEPENDENT OF CONGRESSIONAL CONTROL. BOTH THE COMMISSIONS AND THE AGENCIES OF THE REGULAR CABINET DEPARTMENTS LIVE IN A REGIME OF STATUTORY DUTIES UNDER WHICH CONGRESSIONAL STATUES NOT PRESIDENTIAL POLICIES CONTROL MUCH OF THEIR BEHAVIOR. BOTH ARE SUBJECT TO JUDICIAL REVIEW. COMMISSIONS BASICALLY ARE INDEPENDENT IN THE SENSE THAT THEY ARE USUALLY NOT SUBJECT TO THE COMPLETE CONTROL BY COMMISSIONERS OF ONE POLITICAL PARTY. THEY ARE SOMEWHAT INDEPENDENT OF THE PRESIDENT IN THAT NO SINGLE PRESIDENT HAS APPOINTED ALL THE COMMISSIONERS OF A PARTICULAR COMMISSION AND COMMISSIONERS MAY ONLY BE DISMISSED BY THE PRESIDENT FOR CAUSE. AMERICAN EXPERIENCE SUGGESTS THAT EUROPEAN UNION (EU) INDEPENDENT AGENCIES WILL CREATE SEVERE PROBLEMS OF CO-ORDINATION, LEGITIMACY AND CONTROL. THESE PROBLEMS ARE NOT ALLEVIATED BY THE CLAIM THAT EU AGENCIES WILL HAVE PURELY INFORMATIONAL ROLES BECAUSE INFORMATION IS A KEY ELEMENT IN POLICY-MAKING AND POLICY CONTROVERSY.

Pt. 1 erroneously says S. 4155. ; Hearings held Nov. 21-26, 1974, on S. 704, 770, 3604, 4145, 4167, and S.J. Res. 256. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; MAIN; J60.E9 93rd v.15: Vol. in 2 parts, both pts. in v.15

Hearings held Mar. 15-Apr. 8, 1960. ; Mode of access: Internet.

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "This report reviews the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC) fiscal year 2000 performance report and fiscal year 2002 performance plan required by the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 to assess its progress in achieving selected key outcomes that are important mission areas for the agency. NRC reports mixed progress in achieving the three outcomes GAO reviewed. To measure performance for the three outcomes, NRC established the same four goals: one relates to safety and three relate to such nonsafety issues as public confidence, regulatory burden, and organizational enhancements. Although NRC's strategies for the safety-related performance goal outcomes seem clear and reasonable, GAO could not assess NRC's performance for the three nonsafety performance goals because NRC only recently developed and reported strategies for them in its fiscal year 2002 performance plan. Because NRC has had little experience in applying the strategies and measures for the three nonsafety goals, it may need to revise them after it completes various planned evaluations during the next three years."

Reuse of record except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; Hearings held Nov. 21- 1974, on S. 704, 770, 3604, 4155, 4167, and S.J. Res. 256. ; CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 75 S401-31 (pt. 1), CIS 75 S401-32 (pt. 2) ; Microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Cover title. ; "B-163628." ; "PAD-77-34." ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Other written product issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO reviewed the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) new rule on the assessment and collection of regulatory fees for fiscal year (FY) 2000. GAO noted that: (1) the rule revises the regulatory fee schedule to bring it into compliance with the amount of such fees Congress has required FCC to collect for FY 2000; (2) the amount to be recovered is $185,754,000, or almost 7.67 percent more than was required for FY 1999; (3) the purpose of the fees is to recover the costs of regulation in the areas of enforcement, policy and rulemaking, international and user information activities; and (4) FCC complied with applicable requirements in promulgating the rule."

Other written product issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO reviewed the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) new rule on the assessment and collection of regulatory fees for fiscal year (FY) 1999. GAO noted that: (1) the final rule would revise the regulatory fee schedule to bring it into compliance with the amount of such fees Congress has required FCC to collect for FY 1999; (2) for FY 1999, the amount to be recovered is $172,523,000 or almost 6 percent more than was required for FY 1998; (3) the purpose of the fees is to recover the costs of regulation in the areas of enforcement, policy and rulemaking, international and user information activities; and (4) FCC complied with applicable requirements in promulgating the rule."

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks intensified the nation's focus on national preparedness and homeland security. Among possible terrorist targets are the nation's nuclear power plants--104 facilities containing radioactive fuel and waste. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) oversees plant security through an inspection program designed to verify the plants' compliance with security requirements. As part of that program, NRC conducted annual security inspections of plants and force-on-force exercises to test plant security against a simulated terrorist attack. GAO was asked to review (1) the effectiveness of NRC's security inspection program and (2) legal challenges affecting power plant security. Currently, NRC is reevaluating its inspection program. We did not assess the adequacy of security at the individual plants; rather, our focus was on NRC's oversight and regulation of plant security."