Suchergebnisse

An extensive body of research shows that capital sentences tend to be more likely for Blacks who kill Whites, while more recent studies point to a higher likelihood of capital sentences for killers of White females. The present research broadens these areas of scholarship by including Hispanics and considering sentences for other types of violent crimes. Supporting theory are findings that longer sentences are meted out to offenders who victimize White females, and to Hispanic and African American offenders who victimize Whites. These findings, however, are confined to homicide cases and absent from sexual assault and robbery cases. Contradicting predictions are longer sentences for offenders who victimized Hispanic females, which is observed for robbery as well as homicide. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.

Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to investigate how children's involvement in bullying (as bullies, victims and bully-victims) is related to longer term levels of various internalizing problems such as depression and self-harm. Design/methodology/approach -- A prospective longitudinal design was used based on data from the Swedish Seven Schools Longitudinal Study. The authors also examined whether bullying/victimization experiences predict changes in internalizing problems. Findings -- Results vary depending on children's participation in bullying behavior as bullies, victims or bully-victims. Originality/value -- Overall, the paper's findings highlight the importance of uniqueness of different bullying/victimization experiences. This study showed that the bully-victims, followed by the victimized group, were more at risk for displaying internalizing problems. Bullies showed neither higher internalizing problems nor increases over time in symptom levels compared to the youths who were neither bullies nor victims. Adapted from the source document.

California's stringent AI regulations have the power to stifle innovation nationwide, impacting all of us.

Research indicates that incidents in which women kill their husbands are more likely to involve victim precipitation than incidents in which men kill their wives. Formulating a causal interpretation of this finding, however, is complicated because the observed pattern may reflect gender differences in violence rather than any special dynamics between husbands and wives. In this research, we introduce and illustrate a framework for disentangling the effects of intimacy and gender on violence. We examine the additive and multiplicative effects of the gender of the offender, the gender of the victim, and the relationship between the offender and victim on victim precipitation. For the most part, the pattern of victim precipitation in homicide reflects the fact that males tend to be more violent than females. However, we find some evidence of special dynamics for intimate partner homicides: Men who are killed by their partners tend to have more violent records than men who are killed in other circumstances.

Intro -- DATA BREACHES OF PERSONALLY IDENTIFIABLE INFORMATION AT FEDERAL AGENCIES: ANALYSES AND LESSONS -- DATA BREACHES OF PERSONALLY IDENTIFIABLE INFORMATION AT FEDERAL AGENCIES: ANALYSES AND LESSONS -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: INFORMATION SECURITY: AGENCY RESPONSES TO BREACHES OF PERSONALLY IDENTIFIABLE INFORMATION NEED TO BE MORE CONSISTENT -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- ABBREVIATIONS -- BACKGROUND -- AGENCIES GENERALLY DEVELOPED POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR RESPONDING TO PIIRELATED BREACHES, BUT IMPLEMENTATION WAS INCONSISTENT -- THE ROLE OF DHS IN COLLECTING PII BREACH INFORMATION WITHIN 1 HOUR AND PROVIDING ASSISTANCE OFFERS FEW BENEFITS TO AGENCIES -- CONCLUSION -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXECUTIVE ACTION -- AGENCY COMMENTS AND OUR EVALUATION -- APPENDIX I: OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY -- Chapter 2: INFORMATION SECURITY: PROTECTING PERSONALLY IDENTIFIABLE INFORMATION -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- ABBREVIATIONS -- RESULTS IN BRIEF -- BACKGROUND -- FEDERAL LAWS AND GUIDANCE PROVIDE A FOUNDATION FOR AGENCIES TO PROTECT PERSONALLY IDENTIFIABLE INFORMATION -- AGENCY COMMENTS -- APPENDIX I: OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY -- APPENDIX II: SELECTED GOVERNMENT DATA BREACH INCIDENTS, NOVEMBER 2004 THROUGH JANUARY 2007 -- INDEX.