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Yankee [. . .] A nickname given to Americans; its meaning is unknown to us–A. S. Pushkin, "Dzhon Tenner"As is well known, "influence" studies have fallen into disrepute in recent decades in western literary criticism. Linda Hutcheon rightly points out that this development constitutes an inevitable corollary to Roland Barthes's announcement of the "death of the author" in 1968,' shifting the site of meaning away from the flesh-and-blood author onto the interaction between text and reader, placing at issue "the locus of textual appropriation.

Introduction. The images of holy warriors were extremely popular in the art of Byzantium and the countries of the Byzantine cultural circle of the 11th – 14th centuries. They are known for numerous images in iconography, monumental painting, applied art. They are numerous in sphragistics. The image of a warrior horseman best known for the early 13th century monuments is the rarest and most recent formation. Introducing new sigilographic monuments into the scientific circulation and determining the time of appearance of this iconographic type on their basis are among the main goals of the proposed research.

Methods. The methodological basis of the study is an interdisciplinary integrated approach that involves using methods of the comparative analysis of sfragistics, numismatic and other categories of monuments.

Analysis. Two seals are kept in the State Hermitage Museum collection. Both sides of the first seal (M-12374) have the depiction of Saint Demetrios of Thessaloniki as a horseman triumphant. On the left, under the cloak, there is the inscription ΟΔΗ. that, apparently, can be revealed as Ὁ (ἅγιος) Δη(μήτριος). On the other side of the seal there is a full-length image of Saint Stephanos with a censer and pyxis in his hands. On the front side of the second seal (M-3751) there is the same image of Saint Demetrios of Thessaloniki with a similar inscription. On the reverse side of the seal there is the inscription "Defender, look at me, your slave Christopher".

Results. The images of Saint Demetrios of Thessaloniki on both seals are almost identical, which implies the existence of a common prototype, most likely an honored icon. We can assume that it was in Thessaloniki in the Basilica of Saint Demetrios. Probably, the image of the warrior triumphant is the latest version of the iconography of saint warrior and it is known for the few monuments of the late 11th – 12th centuries. As a result, both seals can be dated to the same time.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the icon-pendant with the image of the horseman St. George the Warrior, discovered in 2020 in the cultural horizon of the late 13th–14th centuries at the research site of the Mangup's Princely Palace. Methods. The study is complex. The traditional methods of art history analysis and the method of analogies, widely used in archaeological science, are used in the description and attribution of the sign icon. The dating of the product is established using one of the most important stratigraphic methods in archaeology. In explaining the historical context of the find, the available data from archaeological and narrative sources on the history and culture of Mangup at the end of the 13th–14th centuries are used. Analysis. The value of the icon, in addition to its clear archaeological context and the iconographic type of the holy rider-triumphant, which is rare for Byzantine applied art, lies in the expansion of our source base on the spread of the cult of St. George in the Late Byzantine period of the history of South-Western Crimea, represented before that mainly by the churches of Eski-Kermen and Mangup. Results. Despite the general proximity of the iconography and the technique of making the Mangup find and numerous similar products from the territory of Old Rus, there is no reason to consider it as an icon-pendant of Ancient-Russian origin. The conducted research definitely indicates a weak study of this category of Christian objects of personal piety on the territory of Byzantium, the lack of their cataloging and the study of special issues. In this regard, the conclusion that the icon belongs to the number of finds of the Byzantine circle from the cultural layer of the Mangup settlement, made in one of the provincialbyzantine centers, seems to be the most objective.

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is the leading infectious cause of death worldwide and the state of Hawaii (HI) has the second highest case rate of TB in the United States. The prevalence of TB among military health system (MHS) beneficiaries (active duty service members, retirees, dependents, civilians and eligible Pacific Island civilians) in HI has not been previously reported. Our analysis evaluates the prevalence of MTB among acid fast cultures (AFCs) tested at Tripler Army Medical Center (TAMC) on Oahu, HI and describes demographic factors associated with positive samples. METHODS: We analyzed AFC results from TAMC clinical diagnostic microbiology laboratory from January 2002 to November 2019. Demographic data were recorded for each individual with an AFC sample during the study period. Prevalence was calculated based on the number of MTB-positive AFCs per all AFCs over the study period. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between demographic factors and MTB-positive AFC results. RESULTS: From January 2002 to November 2019 there were 4768 AFCs resulted at TAMC with 49 MTB-positive AFC, leading to a cumulative prevalence of 1.03 percent (Figure 1). After controlling for other factors, Asian-Pacific Islanders had nearly 15 times higher odds of having a positive AFC than whites (OR=14.96, 95% CI 5.03, 44.55, p=< 0.001) and active duty personnel had 2.6 times the odds of having a positive AFC than dependents, civilians and retirees (OR=2.6, 95% CI 0.94, 7.22, p=0.067). Figure 1. The Prevalence of M. tuberculosis (MTB) among Acid Fast Cultures (AFC) from Military Health System Beneficiaries from Hawaii and Pacific Islands from January 2002 to November 2019. [Image: see text] CONCLUSION: The low prevalence of MTB among AFCs performed at our institution over nearly 16 years suggests that living in the state of HI does not appear to confer high rates of TB to MHS beneficiaries. Persons with Asian-Pacific Islander ethnicity have higher ...

Investigating how those responsible for the day to day care of animals understand the concept of animal welfare is an important step in the process of animal welfare improvement. For example, exploring how equine stakeholders talk about equine welfare may offer insight into how they interpret and utilise communications about welfare and how this may have an impact on the actual welfare of horses. In-depth interviews with 31 equine stakeholders in England and Wales were used to explore their perceptions and understanding of welfare. It was found that they understood the concept of welfare in four distinct ways. Firstly, welfare was understood in terms of the provision of resources, for example food and water. Secondly, a "horse-centred" understanding of welfare was articulated which included the horses' mental state and linked to natural behaviour. Thirdly, the word welfare had negative connotations and for some good welfare was achieved through the avoidance of negative states. There was a tendency for interviewees to distance themselves from examples of "poor" welfare. Finally, interviewees discussed incidents that occurred in their own familiar contexts but suggested that these were not welfare problems or sought to justify or downplay them. There was little acknowledgement or reference to definitions of welfare as used by welfare scientists and incorporated into welfare legislation and codes of practice. There was evidence that the ways in which equine stakeholders understood the concept of welfare may have been acting as a barrier to the alleviation of some commonly occurring equine welfare problems. Consequently, there is a need for strategies aimed at improving equine welfare to consider stakeholder constructs of welfare and the ways in which these are generated and acted upon.